Term
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Definition
•Papilloma viruses (Papovavirus family) -benign squamous papillomas progressing to squamous cell carcinoma
•Epstein-Barr virus (Herpes family) -Burkitt's lymphoma and undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma
•Hepatitis B virus (Hepadenovirus family) -hepatocellular carcinoma
•Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV8) |
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Term
| RNA oncogenic viruses (retroviruses) |
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Definition
•Acute Transforming Viruses -Rous sarcoma virus
•Slow Transforming Retroviruses -chronic leukemia virus
•Human T-cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV-1) -adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma |
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Term
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Definition
•Usually encapsulated; exceptions: leiomyomas of the uterus; dermatofibroma
•Remain localized and do not penetrate adjacent tissue borders nor they do spread to distant sites
•Well differentiated than malignant tumors and resemble tissue of origin
•Exhibit normal mitotic spindles (not tetraploid)
•Composed of parenchymal cells that closely resemble the tissue of origin and frequently classified, with some exceptions, by adding the suffix-oma to the cell type, e.g. lipoma
•Non invasive with the exception of the dermatofibroma,; invasive mole (trophoblastic tumor)
•Often cease to enlarge
•Can secret hormones
-adrenal adenoma hypercortisolism, hyperaldosterinism
-Parathyroid adenoma hyperapathyroidism with hypercalcemia
-Prolactionoma > secretes prolactin
•Rarely fatal; exception meningioma arising from arachnoid granulations and can be fatal by virtue of its location
•Benign tumors of epithelial origin are known as adenomas if they gain origin from the glandular epithelium (e.g. follicular adenoma of thyroid, or papillomas if they have a papillary (frond-like) appearance (e.g. squamous papilloma) |
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Term
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Definition
•Usually non-encapsulated with the exception of renal adenocarcinoma
•Less differentiated than benign tumors
•Exhibit abnormal abundant mitotic spindles
•Have rapid growth rate
•Invasive |
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Term
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Definition
•Systemic effects of cancers in the host that are not due primarily to tumor or its metastases
•FEVER: especially with Hodgkin's, Renal cell carcinomas, osteogenic sarcomas
•Anorexia and weight loss
•Endocrine syndromes
-Inappropriate antidiuresis
•Hypercalcemia-About ten percent of all patients. Usually attributed to secreted of a PTH-like peptide by an epithelial tumor |
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Term
| Ectopic Hormone Production |
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Definition
the inappropriate secretion of hormones from a tumor, which can occur in any tumor regardless of its origin
-Cushing‘s syndrome can result from ectopic production of cortisol
-Gonadotropic Syndrome
-Hypoglycemia
•Neurologic Syndromes
-Spinal cord
-Peripheral
•Skeletal |
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Term
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Definition
•Anemia: Frequently cause is not understood. Sometimes from tumor bleeding
•Thrombocytosisoccurs in about one third of patients and the cause is unknown
•Hypercoaguable State
•Venous thrombosis: Often found in mucin-secreting cancers, such as pancreatic cancers
-Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation(DIC)
-Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis
•Malabsorption
•Renal syndromes
•Cutaneous syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| Express Weibel Palade bodies |
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Term
| Small cell carcinoma of the lung |
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Definition
| neuroblastomas and carcinoid tumors neurosecretory granules |
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Term
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Definition
| thick and thin myofilaments |
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Term
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Definition
| (malignant histiocytic tumor) Birbeck granules in Langerhan's cells (histiocytes) |
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Term
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Definition
-Cytokeratin separates a carcinoma (positive) from a malignant lymphoma (negative) and a mesothelioma (positive) from an adenocarcinoma (negative).
-S 100 positive in malignant melanoma and neuroblastomas |
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