Term
Definition: Coagulation Necrosis
-Example? |
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Definition
-necrosis in which the affected cells or tissue are converted into dry, dull, fairly homogenous tissue, as a result of the coagulation or protein
-Ex: acutre ischemia (ex: infarct), some toxins, some infectious agents |
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Term
| Microscopically describe coagulation necrosis |
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Definition
| -the necrotic process causes death of cells with remnants of histologic elements (ex: elastin, collagen, muscle fibers) and cell "ghosts" still recognizable |
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Term
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Definition
| -structures and cells are still histologically recognizable, but it is dead |
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Term
| What is a renal infarct an example of? What is it? |
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Definition
-an acute interruption of blood flow to an area of tissue
-a pale or hemorrhagic infarct in the kidney is the classical example of coagulation necrosis |
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Term
| What is a zonal pattern in a liver affected by coagulation necrosis? |
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Definition
| -all lobules are affected |
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Term
| Visually describe coagulation necrosis. |
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Definition
| -less nuclei, acute cellular swelling, no definitive cell borders, vacuolation |
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Term
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Definition
| -cellular inability to metabolize fats |
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Term
| Definition: Liquefactive Necrosis |
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Definition
| -necrosis characterized by a fairly well-circumscribed, visible lesion that contains purulent exudate |
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Term
| What is purulent exudate? What is it the result of? |
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Definition
-pus
-the remnants of tissue that became necrotic and was digested by proteolytic enzymes released from disintegrating neutrophils |
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Term
| When is purulent exudat classically observed? |
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Definition
| -in suppurative inflammation and abscesses |
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Term
| True or False: Neutrophils release enzymes that liquefy the tissue when they degenerate. |
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Definition
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Term
| Jowl abscesses are common in pigs and are due to _________ infection of the mandibular lymph nodes. It is an example of what kind of necrosis? |
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Definition
-Streptococcus
-liquefactive necrosis |
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Term
| What are a few ways in which liquefactive necrosis can happen in the brain? |
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Definition
-middle ear infections that track up to the brainstem
-retroglobe infection follows optic nerves |
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Term
| Definition: Caseous necrosis |
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Definition
-cheese-like due to macrophage that INCOMPLETELY digest the dead tissue
-the affected tissue appears dry, with crumbly consistency and dull, opaque, often pale yellow (similar to feta cheese) |
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Term
| Machrophage infiltration leads to __________ as opposed to neutrophils that more completely digest tissue into __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Caseous necrosis is characteristic of chronic ______ inflammations (ex: tuberculosis, histoplasmosis) where macrophages are the predominate inflammatory cell in the lesion. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why doe macrophages cause caseous and not liquefactive necrosis? |
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Definition
| -due to low concentrations of proteolytic enzymes |
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Term
| True or False: Caseous necrosis of lymph nodes are very common in goats and to a lesser extent in sheep. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -death of tissue, usually in considerable mass, generally associated with loss of vascular (nutritive) supply and followed by anaerobic bacterial invasion and putrefaction |
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Term
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Definition
-a state of decomposition accompanied by an offensive odor
-in this case, the affected tissue is undergoing post mortem- type decay while the animal is alive |
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Term
| What happens in gangrene cases of distal extremities (ex: due to ergot toxicity, frostbite with secondary bacterial infection) |
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Definition
| -feet will actually slough off |
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Term
| Gangrenous pneumonia is usually associated with __________ and _________. In which type of animals is it particularly severe? |
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Definition
-aspiration of stomach contents
-accompanying anaerobic bacterial infection
-ruminants |
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Term
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Definition
| -a condition in which the neutral fats in the cells of adipose tissue are split into fatty acids and glycerol, followed by mineralization (saponification) and the deposition of chalky white deposits |
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Term
| Characteristically describe fat necrosis.. |
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Definition
-rigid and chalk-like
-white |
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Term
| When does peripancratic fat necrosis commonly occur in dogs? |
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Definition
| -due to leakage of pancreatic enzymes after/during a case of pancreatitis |
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Term
| The process by which fat necrosis forms is known as _________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -area of cutaneous or mucosal necrosis with sloughing of the external necrotic tissues and exposure of underlying viable tissue |
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Term
| Skin ulcers are often seen overlying ________ or chronic ________ in associated with viral, bacterial, or fungal _________, or with certain immune-mediated skin diseases. |
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Definition
-tumors
-inflammation
-infections |
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Term
| What are a few causes of gastrointestinal ulcers? |
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Definition
-chronic renal failure
-non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment
-bacteria
-viruses
-tumors
-stress |
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Term
| Where are malignant melanomas common in dogs? (we will see overlying ulcers) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a common cause of lingual ulcers in canines? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is feline leprosy? How does it present? |
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Definition
-rare Mycobacterial infection resembling human leprosy
-presents with cutaneous ulcers |
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Term
Definition: Immune-mediated disease
-name for this group? |
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Definition
-group of skin deseases due to antibodies against skin antigens
-name= Pemphigus |
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