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NCSU BIO Exam #1
Chapters 1,20, & 21
25
Biology
Undergraduate 1
09/13/2012

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Term
7 characteristics of living things
Definition
growth/devel/reprod, homeostasis, energy utilization, evolutionary adaptation, ordered complexity, cellular organization, sensitivity
Term
hierarchical organization
Definition
cellular, organismal, population, ecosystem, biosphere
Term
deductive reasoning
Definition
general to specific (all mammals have hair, one does not-> not a mammal)
Term
Inductive reasoning
Definition
specific to general (if a poodle has hair-> all dogs have hair)
Term
Scientific Method
Definition
1. Q 2. Induction 3. deduction 4. test 5. repeat test 6. report results
Term
science vs. technology
Definition
sci- persuit of knowledge
tech- use of knowledge
Term
emergent properties
Definition
each lvl has unique properties, couldn't be predicted by knowing the properties of the lvls below it
Term
Diversity
Definition
based off of diff. in dan
Term
levels of evolution
Definition
1. physical
2. chemical
3. biological
4. cultural
Term
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
Definition
believed that use or disuse of organ exaggerated organs
Term
Darwin's 5 lines of evidence for evolution
Definition
1. fossil 2. anatomy 3. embryology 4. biogeography 5. breeding
Term
4 parts of natural selection
Definition
1. reproduction 2. variation 3. competition 4. natural selection
Term
continuous variation
Definition
bell curve, wide range, intermediate/avg. traits
Term
discontinuous variation
Definition
discreet traits w/in pop. no intermediates-ex. blood a,b,ab,o
Term
fitness
Definition
ability to leave offspring
Term
disruptive/diversifying selection
Definition
selection acts to eliminate intermediate types
Term
directional selection
Definition
selection acts to eliminate 1 extreme from an array of phenotypes
Term
stabilizing selection
Definition
avg. is prefered, selection tries to eliminate two extremes
Term
pleitropy
Definition
allele has multiple phenotypic effects
Term
industrial melanism
Definition
darker individuals come to predominate over lighter ones
Term
biogeography
Definition
the study of the geographic distribution of species. diff geographic areas have sim. plants & animals but they are distantly related
Term
vestigial structures
Definition
structures that no longer have a function
Term
sickle cell anemia
Definition
hereditary disease, abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to shrivel when O2 is low. Usually fatal. Hetero.- protects africans from malaria
Term
assumptions
Definition
universe exists, rational study, pays. laws explain pays. phenomena
Term
limitations
Definition
no concept of ethics- neutral
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