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Definition
| two roles taken on by the same person |
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| two people trying to fulfill the same role |
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Term
| Kenneth and Maime clarks doll study |
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Definition
| black children played with white dolls and when asked about the color of their skin chose a color lighter in shade than their own skin color |
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| Fritz heiders balance theory |
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Definition
balance between individual, another person and a third person, thing or idea. When no balance--> distress
couples therapy. |
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| Leon Festingers cognitive dissonance theory |
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Definition
| when an individuals attitudes and behavior are not in line with one another |
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| Beryl Nem's (self) perception theory |
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Definition
| when an individuals feelings about something are vague they make conclusions about their attitudes based upon their own behavior. |
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| festingers social comparison theory |
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Definition
| individuals evaluate themselves in light fg their relationships with others. |
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| social exchange theory/ equity theory |
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Definition
| affiliation and attraction to others are based on cost and reward |
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| controversial... it is the idea that a credible sources ability to persuade their target can change over time. |
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| talks about different types of personal space |
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| mere exposure effect states that exposure to stimuli will change attitude toward stimuli |
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| frustration-aggression hypothesis |
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Definition
| as frustration increases, aggression increases |
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Definition
| jung explainst hat violence springs out of our unconscious fears, guilt and shame. |
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Definition
| people conform to the decision of the group |
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| Zimbardos deindividuation theory |
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Definition
as a result of being part of a group, people lose their personal identity
"stanford prison experiment" |
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| Freeman and Frazier's foot in the door |
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Definition
| people are more likely to agree to a large task if they have committed to a smaller task. |
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Definition
| when an individual is presented with a large task but asked instead to perform a smaller task they are likely to do this because they ahve a sense of relief. |
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Definition
| superordinate goals that can only be achieved through intergroup cooperation decrease hostility between groups |
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Term
| Morton Deutschs prisoners dilemma |
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Definition
| two people can recieve medium rewards when collaborating rather than seeking maximum personal gain which can lead to maximum personal loss |
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Definition
| process by which a person gathers information about their enviroment. |
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Definition
| a persons behavior can be attributed to both internal and environmental influences. |
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Definition
categorization- putting people into categories
association- identifying to ones own group leads to higher self esteem
distinctiveness- applied to the group when individuals attempt to make their own group different from others. |
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Definition
used with families when communication is the main problem.
The theapist is active in showing communication failures, reveal what they want from family relationship |
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Definition
| emphasizing interlocking roles of family members |
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Term
| Strenghts based approach to intake interview |
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Definition
| reframe clients attitude into what is going well, what you can build on |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to reason quickly, think abstractly, and adapt |
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Term
| crystallized intelligence |
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Definition
| knowledge and skills that accumulate over time |
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Term
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Definition
measure specific skills from an educational experience
differential apptitude test (DAT)
general aptitude test battery (GATB)
Armed services vocational aptitide battery (ASVAB) |
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Term
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Definition
measures likes and dislikes for careers
Holland strong interest inventory
Kuder Ocupational interest survey
Self-directed search
career assessment inventory |
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Term
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Definition
MMPI (used more for diagnosis)
Myers briggs (Used more for personality type rather than trait) |
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Definition
Dyadic adjustment scale- measures marital satisfaction and relationship factors
family environment scale- measures relationships in family
The McMaster clinical rating scales- family interview of functioning |
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Definition
| test of visual motor functioning for kids and adults |
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| can be used as non verbal measure of IQ in kids |
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Definition
| nonverbal test of reasoning in chidlren |
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Term
| bronfenbrenners ecological theory |
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Definition
| human development is reflective of environmental systems |
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Term
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Definition
| when one traits sways the testers evaluation of subjects other traits |
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Term
| hawthorne effect in research |
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Definition
| when enviroment ot tester sways the subjects attention away from the focus of experiment |
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Term
| rosenthal effect in research |
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Definition
| students internalize the expectations of their superiors |
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Term
| demand charecteristics in research |
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Definition
| subject behaves according to what he thinks the experimenter wants |
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Term
| self anchored rating scales |
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Definition
| therapist and client pick a problem, assess current fucntioning and determine when progress is made |
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Term
| brigance comprehensive inventory of basic skills |
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Definition
| measures readiness and academic skills |
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Term
| Brigance life skills inventory |
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Definition
| measures everyday life skills |
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| brginace inventory of essential skils |
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Definition
| assesses skills needed for successful stdents and adult functioning in special needs pop |
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Term
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Definition
| assess and screen alcohol use/abuse |
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Term
| California psychological inventory |
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Definition
| used to investigate interpersonal behavior and social interaction in individuals over 13 |
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Term
| Carrow elicited language inventory |
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Definition
| assesses speech and language development |
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Definition
| for ages 11-18 with 5th grade reading ability, like the CBCL |
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Definition
| used for kids 6-18 filled out by teachers reporting on aggression and conduct problems |
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Term
| child language intervention program (CLIP) |
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Definition
| intervention for chidlren with speech and language disorders |
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Term
| columbia mental maturity scale |
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Definition
| screen overall reasoning capacity of children |
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| detroit test of learning apptitude |
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Definition
assesses capabilites and deficeincies in language attention and motor skills in youth
can be used to look at mental retardation and learning disabilities |
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Term
| family adaptability and cohesion evaluation scales |
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Definition
| assesses the dimensions of cohesion and felxibility within family and couples systems |
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Term
| goldman fristow woodcock test of auditory discrimination |
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Definition
| tests ability to differentiate speech sounds in noise and quiet enviroments, used with kids to test vocabulary and short term attention and with adults who are handicapped. |
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Definition
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| Peabody individual achievement test |
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Definition
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| peabody picture vocab test |
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Definition
| measure of verbal intelligence. |
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Term
| positive and negative syndrome scale |
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Definition
| assesses symptoms in schizophrenic patients. |
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Term
| ravens progressive matrices |
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Definition
| perceptual reasoning intelligence |
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| system of multi pluralistic assessment |
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Definition
| evaluate learning needs of children using an ethnically unbiased approach |
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| tennessee self concept scale |
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Definition
| determines feelings of self-worth |
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Definition
people: skinner, pavlov, thorndike, watson
treatment: training in social skills, assertiveness, self control (relaxation, biofeedback, etc) as well as performance based techniques outside of therapy, ex. behav mod in classrooms.
clinet must be motivated |
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Definition
sees behavior as a function of its consequences,
autism |
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Term
| neuro behavioristic stimulus response therapy |
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Definition
| concerned with extinguishing causes of anxiety |
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Term
| cognitive behavior modification therapy |
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Definition
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Term
| cognitive behavioral theory |
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Definition
| focus on the present, focus on changing dysfunctional cognitions, behaviors and emotions |
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Definition
people: May, Allport, Frankl, Maslow, Yalom
four major themes in therapy: death, freedom( and responsibility), isolation and meaninglessness. confront anxieties along these themes. works best with high functioning individuals with little psychopathology. |
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Definition
| the direct study of experiences taken at face value, the ability to take control of decisions and be responsible for them. |
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Definition
person: Fritz perls
treatment: explore behaviors in the here and now, and focuses on becoming a whole individual by defining your significance and taing responsibility for feeling thinking and doing
looks at the layers of personality
do not use with people who have personality disorders or psychosis. clinet needs to hae relatively good verbal skills. |
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Term
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Definition
people: Maslow, Rogers,
tx:therapist uses non judgemental empathy, open ended questions, reflective listening, and guides the client to a place where their perceptions of self are more consistent with their actual self.
effective for high functioning individuals who have inner conflict primarily v codes and mild adjustment disorders |
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Term
| neuro linguistic programming |
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Definition
looks at the the way neuroprocesses (senses) form the building blocks of experience and the way language is used to represent experience and the strategies used to organize inner processes and create results.
uses modeling to show individuals how to master their behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
people: Klein
looks at the self in relation to others. therapist uses the therapeutic relationship to work through pathological responses. |
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Definition
Person: Rogers
counseling is determined by the client rather than the therapist. |
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Term
| psychodynamic and psychoanalytic therapy |
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Definition
people: freud, Erickson, JUNg, Horney
ID: primitive sense
SUperego: Conscience
Ego: the mediator
tx: free association is used in a relaxed state, therapist simply listens, treatment takes a very long time. |
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Term
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Definition
known as individual psychology- primary approach is encouragement. every person has a sense of inferiority and strives for superiority.
therapist reeducates client and encourages insight. |
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Term
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Definition
carl jung
people move toward wholeneses, this is what the myers briggs is based off of. |
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Definition
People: Glasser
brain functions as a system to control behavior by fulfilling needs created by the environment. |
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Definition
| enphaizes parent adult child concepts roughly similar to freuds ego, id superego. looks at communication |
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