Term
| Levophed (norepinephrine), Intropin (Dopamine), Adrenalin (epinephrine), Dobutrex (dobutamine) belong to what category? Used for what? Side Effects? |
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Definition
Andrenergics.
Used for Cardiac Arrest, COPD
Stimulate beta-2 receptors in lungs
Side Effects: Dysrhythmias, tremors, anticholinergic effects |
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Term
| What are nursing considerations for Andrenergics? |
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Definition
Monitor BP
Monitor peripheral pulses
Check output
Could be drowsy |
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Term
Librium (chlordiazepoxide), Xanax (alprazolam), Ativan (Lorazepam), Vistaril (hydroyzine), Equanil belong to what category? What are they used for? Action they take?
What is a sub-group? |
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Definition
Anti-anxiety agents, used for anxiety disorders, manic episodes, panic attacks. Affect neurotransmitters
Sub-group: Benzodiazapines |
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Term
What are nursing considerations for anti-anxiety agents? Side Effects?
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Definition
Potential for addiction/overdose
avoid alcohol
monitor liver function (LDH, AST, ALTs)
Side Effects: confusion, sedation, hepatic dysfunction
Discontinue slowly
**Diminish effectiveness of drugs with cigarrets and caffeine |
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Term
| Amphojel (aluminum hydroxide), Milk of Magnesia (magnesium hydroxide), Maalox are which category? Action? Uses? |
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Definition
| Antacids. Action: neutralize gastric acids. Used for peptic ulcer, indigestion, reflex esophagitis |
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Term
| What are side-effects of antacids and nursing considerations? |
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Definition
Side effects- constipation, diarrhea, acid rebound
Nursing considerations: Interferes with absorption of antibiotics, iron preps, INH, Oral contraceptives
Monitor bowel function
Fluid and electrolyte balance. |
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Term
| Atropine sulfate, Lidocaine, Pronestyl (procainamide), Quinidine, Isuprel (Isoproterenol) belong to which category? Actions? Uses? |
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Definition
| Antidysrhythmics, Action: Interfere with electrical excitability of the heart. Uses- Atrial fibrillation and flutter, tachycardia, PVCs. |
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Term
| Side effects of antidyshythmics? Nursing considerations? |
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Definition
Side effects: Lightheadedness, bradycardia, hypotension, urinary retention, airway issues
Nursing Considerations: Monitor VS, monitor cardiac ryhthm |
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Term
| What are some considerations for antibiotics? What are some teachings? |
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Definition
Allergies, Super-infection (kills normal flora), Organ toxicity (liver & kidney)
Teaching: take until gone, do culture and sensitivity first, encourage fluids, check expiration date |
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Term
| Gentamycin, Neomycin, Streptomycin, Tombramycin are which family of antibiotics? "Mycin-endings" Actions? Uses? |
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Definition
| They are Aminoglycosides. Action: inhibits protein synthesis in gram-negative bacteria. Used for Pseudomonas, E. Coli |
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Term
| What are side effects Aminoglycosides? Nursing considerations? |
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Definition
Ototoxicity (ear problems), anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, nephrotoxicity (check BUNs)
Nursing considerations: Check 8th cranial nerve (hearing nerve), check renal function, take for 7-10 days, encourage fluids (3000 ml/day) |
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Term
| When giving IV, when is the PEAK of the medication? When is Trauff? |
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Definition
| 1 hour after given PEAK. Trauff is right before you give the med. |
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Term
| Ceclor (cefaclor), Ancef (cefazolin), Keflex (cephalexin), Rocephin (ceftriaxone), Mefoxin (cefoxitin) belong to which family of antibiotics? "Cefs/Cephs" Action? Uses? |
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Definition
| Cephalosporins. Action: Inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall. Uses: tonsillitis, ottis media, peri-operative prophylaxis, meningitis |
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Term
| What are side effects of Cephalosporins? Nursing considerations? |
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Definition
| Side Effects- bone marrow depression, superinfetions, rash. Nursing considerations: take with food, cross allergy with PCN, avoid alcohol, obtain C&S before first dose |
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Term
| What has a cross allergy with cephalosoprins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is one consideration when testing protein and glucose in the urine of clients who take cephalosporins? |
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Definition
| Cephalosporins may create a false positive for protein and glucose in urine |
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Term
| What family of antibiotic does Cipro (ciprofloxin) blong to? Action? Uses? |
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Definition
| Fluoroquinolones. Action: Interferes with DNA replication of gram-negative bacteria. Uses- E. Coli, Pseudomonas, S. aureus. Also used for Anthrax. |
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Term
| What are side effects and nursing considerations for Fluoroquinolones? Nursing considerations? |
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Definition
Side Effects: Diarrhea, decreased WBC and hematocrit, elevated liver enzymes (AST, ALT0, elevated alkaline phosphatase
Nursing considerations: C&S before starting therapy, encourage fluids, take 1h ac or 2h pc. NOT TAKEN w. FOOD or Antacids |
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Term
| Which drug can be given with Cipro to increase effectiveness? |
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Definition
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Term
| What family of antibiotics do Erythromycin, Cleocin (clindamycin) belong to? Action? Uses? |
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Definition
| Macrolide antibiotic. Action: binds to cell membrane and changes protein function. Uses: Acute infections, acne, URI, prophylaxis before dental procedures if allergic to PCN (pennicillin) |
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Term
| What are side effect and nursing considerations for Macrolide Antibiotics? |
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Definition
| Side effects- diarrhea, confusion, hepatotoxicity, superinfections. Nursing considerations: Take 1 h ac or 2-3 h pc. (BEFORE OR AFTER MEALS, NOT WITH FOOD) Monitor liver function. TAKE with WATER. NEVER FRUIT JUICE |
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Term
| Amoxil (amoxicillin), Ampicillin, Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate) are which family of antibiotics? Action? Uses? |
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Definition
| Penicillins. Action: Inhibits synthesis of cell wall. Uses: Moderate to severe infections, syphilis, gonococcus infections, Lyme disease |
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Term
| What are side effects of penicillins? Nursing considerations? |
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Definition
| Side effects: Stomatitis, diarrhea, allergic reactions, renal and hepatic changes. Nursing considerations: Check for hypersensitivity, give 1-2 h ac or 2-3 h pc. Cross allergy with Cephalosporins |
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Term
| Does allergic reactions happent he first time? |
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Definition
| No. Sometimes it could be repeated exposure that result in allergic reactions |
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Term
| What family are Gantrisin (acetyl sulfisoxazole), Bactrim (co-trimoxazole), Azulfidine (sulfasalazine) belong to? Action? Uses? |
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Definition
Sulfonamides. Action: Antagonize essential component of folic acid synthesis.
Uses: Ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, otitis media, UTIs |
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Term
What are Side Effects of Sulfodamides?
Nursing Considerations? |
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Definition
| Side effects: Peripheral neurophathy, crystalluria, photosensitivity, GI upset, Stomatitis (inflammation of mucous lining). Nursing considerations: Take WITH MEALS or FOOD, Encourage fluids (3000 ml/day), GOOD mouth care! |
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Term
| What will interfere with the effectiveness of Sulfodamides? |
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Definition
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Term
| What family of antibiotics are Vibramycin (doxycycline), Panmycin (tetracycline)? Action? Uses? |
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Definition
| Tetracyclines. Action-inhibits protein synthesis. Uses: Infections, acne, prophylaxis ophthalmia neonatorum (give babies who are born to prevent from baby getting infected in birth canal) |
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Term
| What are the side effects of Tetracyclines? Nursing considerations? |
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Definition
| Side effects: discoloration of primary teeth if taken during pregnancy, glossitis, rash, phototoxic reactions (sun burn-like rash). Nursing considerations: SUN BLOCK! Take 1h ac or 2-3 h pc. DO NOT TAKE with antacid, milk, iron. NOTE expiration date! Monitor renal function. Avoid sunlight! |
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Term
| Furadantin is used to treat what? Side Effects? Nursing Considerations? |
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Definition
| UTIs. Side Effects: Asthma attacks, diarrhea. Nursing considerations: Anti-infective, give with FOOD OR MILK. Monitor Pulmonary status. Take w. Crannberry juice. Don't eat almonds, coconut, milk, and some veggies |
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Term
| What is Pyridium used for? Side effects? Nursing considerations? |
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Definition
| treat UTIs. Side effects: headache, vertigo. Nursing considerations: Urinary tract analgesic. Tell patient urine will be orange. |
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Term
| What are side effects of Viagra, Levitra, Cialis? Contraindications? Nursing considerations? |
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Definition
| Side effects: headache, hypotension, priapism (sustained long term erection). Contraindications: nitrates, alpha blockers. Nursing considerations: Can not take with GRAPEFRUIT juice. Call PCP if erection lasting longer than 4 hours |
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Term
| What are Pro-Banthine (propanthekine), Atropine, Scopace (scopolamine)? Action? Uses? |
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Definition
| Anticholinergics (DRY). Action: Dilates pupil, causes bronchodilation and decreased secretions, decreases mobility and GI secretions. Uses: opthalmic exam (to check vision), motion sickness, pre-operative |
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Term
| Side effects of Anticholinergics? Nursing considerations |
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Definition
| Side effects: Blurred vision, dry mouth, urinary retention, change in heart rate. Nursing considerations: Monitor output, contraindicated with Glaucoma (damage to optic nerve). Give 30 min ac, hs, or 2 h pc. |
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Term
| What are the actions and uses of anticoagulants? |
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Definition
| Action: blocks conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Uses: pulmonary embolism, venous thrombosis, prophylaxis after acute MI |
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Term
| What are side effects and nursing considerations of anticoagulants Heprin? |
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Definition
| Hematuria, tissue irritation. Nursing considerations: Monitor clotting time or PTT. Normal is 20-45 sec. The therapeutic level 1.5-2.5 times control. Antagonist-protamine sulfate. Give SC or IV |
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Term
| What NOT to give with Heprin? |
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Definition
| Asprin & , because it has anti-coagulant properties already |
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Term
| What are actions of Coumadin (warfarin)? Uses? |
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Definition
| Action-interferes with synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Uses: Pulmonary embolism, venous thrombosis, prophylaxis after acute MI |
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Term
| What are side effects of Coumadin? Nursing considerations? |
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Definition
| Side effects: Hemorrhage, alopecia. Nursing considerations: Monitor PT. Normal is 9-12 sec. Therapeutic level 1.5 times control. Antagonis-Vitamin K. Monitor for bleeding. Give PO. |
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Term
| What kind of foods should avoid eating with Coumadin? |
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Definition
Foods rich in Vitamin K. Cheese, yougart, milk, pork, rice, green veggies.
AND NO ASPRIN. Vitamin C will DECREASE effectiveness |
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Term
| What are the 3 herbals considered with anti-coagulents? |
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Definition
| Garlic, Ginco, and Ginger will increase effect of med. Vit E Will increase effect of med |
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Term
| What group do Dilantin (Phenytoin), Luminal (phenobarbital), Depakote (divalproex sodium), Tegretol (carbamazepine), and Klonopin (clonazepam) belong to? Action? Uses? |
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Definition
| Anticonvulsants. Decreases flow of calcium and sodium across neuronal membranes. |
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Term
| Side effects of anticonvulsants? Nursing considerations? |
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Definition
Side effects- respiratory depression, aplastic anemia, gingival hypertrophy, ataxia.
Don't discontinue abruptly, monitor I&O, caution with use of medicaitons that lower seizure threshold (MAOI, anti-psychotics) |
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Term
| Urine color changes of anticonvulsants? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is very special about Dilantin? |
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Definition
| NEVER GIVE with another DRUG! |
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Term
What should be assessed with Mg Sulfate?
What is it used for? |
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Definition
| Deep tendon reflexes must be evaluated. Used for pregnancy-induced hypertension |
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Term
| What is special about Depakote? |
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Definition
| Can NOT drink carbonated beverages |
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Term
| What category do Marplan (isocarboxazid), Parnate (tranylcypromine), Nardil (phenelzine) belong to? Action? Uses? |
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Definition
| Antidepressants, MAOIs. Action-Causes increased concentration of neurotransmitters. Used for depression, chronic pain. |
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Term
What are the side effects of antidepressants?
Nursing considerations? |
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Definition
| Hypertensive crisis when taken with tyramine-containing foods, photosensitivity. Nursing considerations: Avoid foods containing tyramine (aged cheese, bologna, pepperoni, salami, bananas, raisins, beer). Monitor output. Takes 4 weeks to work |
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Term
| What kind of meds can not be taken with MAOIs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are signs of hypertensive crisis when taking MAOIs with foods containing tyramine? |
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Definition
| Severe headache, palpatations, diaphoretic, have a stiff neck. Can progress to intracranial hemmerage |
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Term
| What category do Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft blong to? Actions? Uses? |
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Definition
| They are antidepressants that are Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. Action- inhibits CNS uptake of serotonin. Uses: depression, obsessive compulsive disorders, bulimia. |
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Term
| What are side effects of SSRIs? Nursing considerations? |
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Definition
| Side effects: Anxiety, GI upset, change in appetite and bowel function, urinary retention. Nursing considerations: suicide precautions, takes 4 weeks for full effect. Take in am. |
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Term
| What category do Elavil, Tofranil, Norpramin belong to? Action? Uses? |
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Definition
| They are Antidepressant Tricyclics. Action-nhibits reuptake of neurotransmitters. Used for depression, sleep apnea |
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Term
| What are side effects of antidepressant Tricyclics? Nursing considerations? |
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Definition
| Side Effects- sedation, anticholinergic effects, confusion, postural hypotension, urinary retention. Nursing considerations: monitor for suicide, takes 2-6 weeks to work, take at HS, monitor vitals |
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Term
| What kind of meds do you NOT give antidepressant Trycyclics? |
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Definition
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Term
| What category do Wellbutrin and Desyrel belong to? Uses? Side effects? Nursing considerations? |
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Definition
| Antidepressant Heterocyclics. Used for depression and smoking cessation. Side effects: Wellbutrin-agitation. Desyrel: sedation. Nursing considerations: avoid alcohol and CNS depressants, wean off slowly |
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Term
For insulin, what are examples of Regular/Fast Acting?
Onset, Peak, and Duration? |
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Definition
| Regular Insulin, Humulin R. Onset: .5-1 h. Peak 2-4 hrs (hypoglycemia). Duration 6-8 hrs. |
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Term
What are the Intermediate acting Insulin?
Onset? Peak? Duration? |
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Definition
| NPH, Humulin N. Onset 2 h, Peak 6-12 h (early evening), Duration 18-26 hrs. |
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Term
| What are slower acting Insulin? Onset, Peak, Duration? |
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Definition
| Ultralente, Humulin U. Onset 4 hrs. Peak 8-20 h. Duration: 24-36 hours. |
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Term
| What is an example of the Combination Insulin? Onset? Peak? Duation? |
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Definition
| Humulin 70/30. Onset: .5 hr. Peak 2-12 hr. Duration: 24 hr |
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