Term
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Definition
| acronym for heating, ventilating, and air conditioning and includes all the systems used for these purposes. |
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Term
| Two primary methods of heating and cooling..... |
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Definition
| use air or water, in some parts of the country electricity is also used for heating. |
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Term
| Heat is transported to the space with... |
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Definition
| supply and return air ducts. A common example of an all air system is a residential forced hot-air furnace. |
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Term
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Definition
| collect the cooled air and return it to the furnace for reheating. If necessary, an air conditioning unit is connected to the same ductwork to provide cooled and dehumidified air. |
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Term
| Registers are connected to... |
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Definition
| the dirction of air flow and the volume of air coming through them, |
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Term
| The space between the suspended ceiling and the structural floor above is called... |
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Definition
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Term
| If fire-rated partitions extend above the suspended ceiling... |
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Definition
| then supply air ducts and openings for return air must be provided. At locations where the fire wall is penetrated, fire dampers are required that automatically close in the even of a fire. |
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Term
| The mechanical engineer should be consulted to... |
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Definition
| determine how much the registers can be moved. |
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Term
| All heating systems use some type of coil unit called a... |
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Definition
| convector - where hot water is circulated. |
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Term
| Small ducts and plumbing pipes are typically run within... |
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Definition
| the walls and floor joists in residential construction, and commercial construction, horizontal ducts are normally run in the plenum and vertical ducts are normally run within their own chases. |
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Term
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Definition
| adjussts th quanitity or temperature of air going into a space from the main air supplt line(s), reduces the velocity of air, and attenuates noise. Lines from thermostats are connected to the mixing boxes. Often expensive and difficult to move. |
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Term
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Definition
| typically placed above the ceiling, within or near the space it serves. With dual duct systems the mixing box actually mixes cool and hot air coming into it from two separate ducts and distributes the mixes air to ducts serving individual room or spaces. |
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Term
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Definition
| it is used as a return air space, building codes prohibit the use of combustible materials such as wood or exposed wire within the space. Or if the telephone and communication wiring are plenum rated it may be used in place of running the wires in steel conduits. |
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Term
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Definition
| Building codes require that access be provided to certain components of mechanical and electrical systems. Include such things as valves, fire dampers, heating coils, mechanical equipment, electrical junction boxes, communication junction boxes, and similar devices. Door are typically small steel doors. |
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Term
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Definition
| location of thermostats usually determined by the mechanical engineer so they are away from exterior walls, heat sources, or other areas that may adversely affect their operation. Usually located 48" above the floor. |
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Term
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Definition
| can effect the heating and air conditioning load in a space and may interfere with supply air diffusers or other heating units near the window. Should have mechanical engineer check the proposed type, size and mounting to verify htat they will not create a problem with the HVAC system. In commerical construction their should be at least 2" between glass and any window covering to aviod excessive heat buildup, which might cause the glass to crack or break. |
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Term
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Definition
| are usually drawn with single lines representing piping and ductwork. Ducts are indicated with a line and a number such as 18 x 12. The first number indicates the width of the duct in inches, and the second number indicates its height in inches. |
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Term
| Power System Requirements |
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Definition
| Electrical Contractor-designs and specifies the exact type of circuiting, wire sizes, and other technical aspects of the electrical systems. Interior Designer-is often responsible for schematically showing the desires location of outlets switches, where power is required for special built-in equipment, and the appearance of cover plates and other visible electrical devices. |
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Term
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Definition
| nonmetallic sheathed cable, also known by the trade name, and consists of two or more plastic insulated conducters and ground wire surrounded by a moisture-resitant plastic jacket. It can be used in wood stud, and buildings not exceeding 3 floors. |
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Term
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Definition
| flexible metal-clad cable, also known by the trade or common term flex, consists of two or more plastic-insulated conductors encased in a continuous spiral-wound strip of steel tape. It is also used to connect commerical light fixtures so they can be relocated in a suspended acoustical ceiling. |
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Term
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Definition
| special power outlets that must be placed on their own ciruit. To prevent electrical interference from disturbing sensitive electrical equipment connectected to them. |
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Term
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Definition
| a separate wire in addition to the two that provide power. It prevents dangerous shock if someone touches an appliance with a short ciruit and simultaneously touches a ground path such as a water pipe. |
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Term
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Definition
| can create other problems, because the current required to trip a ciruit breaker is high and small leaks of current can continue unnoticied until someone recieves a dangerous shock or a fire develops. |
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Term
| Telephone and Communication System Requirements |
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Definition
| shown on the same plan as the power outlets. Telephone and communication systems are low voltage systems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of two major compnents: water supply and drainage. Water suppley includes both cold and hot water. Drainage systems work by gravity-drain pipes must be sloped downward to carry away wastes. In addition vent pipes are required. |
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Term
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Definition
| located at every fixture and are designed to catch and hold a quantity of water to provide a seal that prevents gases from the sewage system from entering the building. Traps are not installed are toilets, and where two or three adjacent fixtures are connected, such as a double kitchen sink. Connected to actual drainage piping, but they also must be connected to vents. |
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Term
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Definition
| are pipes connected to the drainage system at various locations, open to outside air, and designed to serve two purposes. They allow built-up sewage gases to escape instead of bubble through the water in the traps. They allow pressure in the system to equalize so discharging waste does not create a siphon that would drain the water out of the traps. |
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Term
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Definition
| stack carries human waste from toilets |
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Term
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Definition
| carries other than human waste |
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Term
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Definition
| must be sloped a minimum of 1/4" per foot for pipes larger than 3". |
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Term
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Definition
| drafted by a mechanical engineer and represent piping and other components with single line diagrams and standard drafting symbols. |
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Term
| The most common type of fire protection |
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Definition
| a sprinkler system, consist of separate water system supplied by sprinkler mains that connect to sprinkler pipes on each floor that distribute the water to indvidual sprinler heads. |
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Term
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Definition
| smooth cover that is flush with the ceiling, where their is a fire, the cover falls away and the sprinkler head lowers and activates. |
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Term
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Definition
| are used with exposed plumbing and high, unfinished ceilings. |
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Term
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Definition
| are the traditional types for finished ceilings, but the head extends a few inches below the ceiling. |
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Term
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Definition
| are used for corridors and small rooms when one row of sprinklers will provide adequate coverage for narrow spaces. |
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Term
| Horizontal sidewall sprinklers |
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Definition
| can also be plumbed from the walls instead of from the ceiling, which makes them good for remodeling work. |
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Term
| Installation of Sprinklers |
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Definition
| refer to the standard published by the National Fire Protection Association, NFPA-13. This standard classifies the relative fire hazard of buildings into three groups: light, ordinary, and extra hazard. |
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Term
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Definition
| includes residences, offices, hospitals, schools, restaurant. 1 sprinkler for each 200 sf, or 225 sf, for open wood joist ceilings, the are reduces to 130 sf. Maximum spacing between heads is 15' with a maximum distance from a wall being one halft the required spacing. |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of egress achieving a change in elevation by means of a single rier. |
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Term
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Definition
| a change in elevation having two or more risers. |
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Term
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Definition
| a series of two or more risers between one floor or landing and the next |
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Term
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Definition
| the flat portion immediately adjacent to either the bottom or top of a flight of stairs, must be as wide as the stairway they serve. |
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Term
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Definition
| does not have a definition for a step, but defines a stair as one or more risers, and a single step requires a handrail on both sides. |
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Term
| Winding, circular, and spiral stairways |
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Definition
| can only be used as exit stairs in private homes and in private stairways of apartments, condos, and the like and only is they meet specific requirement, the the IBC they are also allowed if they are not a required stair. |
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Term
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Definition
2R + T = 25 Riser is the height in inches, and T is the Tread width in inches. Example: if the riser is 6.5"(2) + T = 25
T = (25)-(2)(6.5)
T=(12)inches
For most stairs a 7" riser and an 11" tread is a good combination, and satisfies the IBC, which limits risers to 7" |
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Term
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Definition
| support loads from above, include live loads, such as people, furniture, and snow, and dead loads, such as the weight of the structure itself. Cannot be removed and can only be pierced for doors and other openings if the top of the opening is framed with an adequately engineered lintel or beam. Exterior walls in residential construction are usually bearing walls. The first story of a two story house are nearly always loadbearing. |
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Term
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Definition
| the live load a buildig includes the weight of people, furniture and other movable equipment. In residential construction the structure of floors are designed for a live load of 40 pounds per square foot, while offices are designed for 50 pounds per square foot. |
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Term
| For heavy equipment book stacks or files.... |
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Definition
| you should consult a structural engineer to determine if the floor is capable of carrying the additional load, and if not, to have additional structural reinforcement engineered. |
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Term
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Definition
| include minor items such as a core drill for an electrical conduit to major items such as reconstruction for stairways. |
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Term
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Definition
| easiest types of concret floors to cut |
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Term
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Definition
| can be cut for large openings, such as stairways |
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Term
| Most common types of floor and roof construction |
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Definition
| concrete on metal decking. Corrugated sheet metal is supported by steel beams and columns adn serves as a working platform, the form for the concrete, and part of the structural system. Concrete is poured over the decking and leveled to create the final rough floor. |
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Term
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Definition
| above the perimeter of the building whould be designed with slip joints to allow the building to move slightly without putting pressure on the partitions. |
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Term
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Definition
| classified by the building code as a certain type base on the fire-resistive ratings on various mamor components such as structure, exterior walls, shaft enclosures, and permanent partitions. In commerical construction, the structural frame can be protected with fire-restant construction rated from 1 to 3 hours. |
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Term
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Definition
| a unit or device that radiates heat from water to the surrounding air, usually through closely spaced fins. Convectors are usually placed against a wall under a window. |
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Term
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Definition
| a device placed in a duct that is designed to automatically close when subjected to a certain increase in temperature or with the detection of smoke |
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Term
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Definition
| a horizontal structural member over an opening that carries the weight of the wall above it. |
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