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NC 251-300: [Anti] Federalists/Washington's Presidency
Notecard Quiz #6. Notecards 251-300 from APStudent.com
53
History
11th Grade
09/21/2009

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Term
251. Supporters of the Constitution
Definition
Known as Federalists, they were mostly wealthy and opposed anarchy.
Term
252. Opponents of the Constitution
Definition
Known as Antifederalists, they were mostly commoners who were afraid of strong central government and being taken advantage of.
Term
253. Patrick Henry (1736-1799)
Definition
One of the main opponents of the Constitution, he worked against its ratification in Virginia.
Term
254. Sam Adams
Definition
He was opposed to the Constitution until the Bill of Rights was added, and then he supported it.
Term
255. George Mason
Definition
He opposed the Constitution because it didn’t protect individual rights. His opposition led to the inclusion of the Bill of Rights.
Term
256. The ratification fights
Definition
Massachusetts farmers opposed the Constitution because they felt it protected trade more than agriculture, but Massachusetts became the 6th state to ratify. New York was opposed to the Constitution; the Federalist Papers were published there to gain support for it. Virginia and New York would not ratify until the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution.
Term
257. The Federalist Papers
Definition
explained the importance of a strong central government. It was published to convince New York to ratify the Constitution.
Term
258. "The Federalist, # 10"
Definition
This essay from the Federalist Papers proposed setting up a republic to solve the problems of a large democracy (anarchy, rise of factions which disregard public good).
Term
259. Bill of Rights adopted, 1791
Definition
The first ten amendments to the Constitution, which guarantee basic individual rights.
Term
260. President George Washington
Definition
established many of the presidential traditions, including limiting a president's tenure to two terms. He was against political parties and strove for political balance in government by appointing political adversaries to government positions.
Term
261. Vice-president John Adams
Definition
A Federalist, he had little say in Washington’s administration.
Term
262. Judiciary Act, 1789
Definition

Created the federal court system, allowed the president to create federal courts and to appoint judges.


 

Term
263. Sec. of the Treasury Hamilton
Definition
A leading Federalist, he supported industry and strong central government. He created the National Bank.
Term
264. Sec. of State Jefferson
Definition
...leading Democratic-Republican, he opposed Hamilton’s ideas. Washington tended to side with Hamilton, so Jefferson resigned.
Term
265. Sec. of War Knox
Definition
A Revolutionary War hero, _____________ had served as Secretary of War under the Articles of Confederation, and stayed on in that capacity as part of Washington’s cabinet.
Term
266. Attorney General Randolph
Definition
served as U.S. Attorney General, and then succeeded Jefferson as Sec. of State.
Term
267. Hamilton’s Program
Definition
Designed to pay off the U.S.’s war debts and stabilize the economy
Term
268. Tariff of 1789
Definition
Designed to raise revenue for the federal government, resulted in a government surplus.
Term
269. Bank of the U.S.
Definition
Part of Hamilton’s Plan, it would save the government’s surplus money until it was needed.
Term

270. A) National debt


Definition
included domestic debt owed to soldiers and others who had not yet been paid for their Revolutionary War services
Term
270. B) state debt
Definition
all the debts incurred by the states during the war
Term
270. C) foreign debt
Definition
 debt to other countries which had helped the U.S during the Revolutionary War.
Term
271. Excise taxes
Definition
Taxes placed on manufactured products.
Term
272. Report on Manufactures
Definition
A document submitted to Congress, which set up an economic policy to encourage industry.
Term
273. Implied powers, elastic clause, necessary and proper clause
Definition
These unspecified powers are known as Congress' __________ clause. There has long been a debate as to how much power this clause grants to Congress, which is sometimes referred to as the ______ clause because it can be "stretched" to include almost any other power that Congress might try to assert.
Term
274. Loose interpretation of the Constitution
Definition
interpretation allows the government to do anything which the Constitution does not specifically forbid it from doing.
Term
274. Strict interpretation of the Constitution
Definition
 interpretation forbids the government from doing anything except what the Constitution specifically empowers it to do.
Term
275. Location of the capitol: Washington D.C., circumstances surrounding it
Definition
South was angry that the whole country was assuming state debts incurred primarily in the North, and that slaves were not being counted as full persons for purposes of assigning the number of representatives that each state would have in the House. As part of the Compromise Plan adopted at the Constitutional Convention, it was agreed that the nation’s capitol would be located in the South.
Term
276. Residence Act
Definition
Set the length of time which immigrants must live in the U.S. in order to become legal citizens.
Term
277. Major L’Enfant, Benjamin Banneker
Definition
Architects of Washington, D.C.
Term
278. Whiskey Rebellion
Definition
farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey
Term
279. Washington’s Farewell Address
Definition
He warned against the dangers of political parties and foreign alliances
Term
280. Election of 1796: President Adams, Vice-president Jefferson
Definition
The first true election (when Washington ran, there was never any question that he would be elected). Adams was a Federalist, but Jefferson was a Democratic-Republican.
Term
281. New states: Vermont, Kentucky, Tennessee
Definition
After the western land claims were settled, _______  ___________  ____________ (in that order) were added to the United States under the Constitution.
Term
282. Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
Definition
The first two political parties.
Term
283. Federalists / Democratic-Republicans: Party leaders and supporters
Definition
The leading Federalists were Alexander Hamilton and John Adams. The leading Democratic- Republicans were Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.
Term
284. Federalists / Democratic-Republicans: Programs
Definition
Federalist programs were the National Bank and taxes to support the growth of industry. The Democratic-Republicans opposed these programs, favoring state banks and little industry.
Term
285. Federalists / Democratic-Republicans: Philosophies
Definition
Federalists believed in a strong central government, a strong army, industry, and loose interpretation of the Constitution. Democratic-Republicans believed in a weak central government, state and individual rights, and strict interpretation of the Constitution.
Term
286. Federalists / Democratic-Republicans: Foreign proclivities
Definition
Federalists supported Britain, while the Democratic-Republicans felt that France was the U.S.’s most important ally.
Term
287. Society of the Cincinnati
Definition
secret society formed by officers of the Continental Army.
Term
288. Democratic societies
Definition
Clubs which met for discussion, designed to keep alive the philosophies of the American Revolution.
Term
289. Alien and Sedition Acts
Definition

consist of four laws passed by the Federalist Congress: 

 the Naturalization Act

the Alien Act

the Alien Enemy Act

the Sedition Act

Term
290. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Definition
declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.
Term
291. Doctrine of Nullification
Definition
Expressed in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, it said that states could nullify federal laws.
Term
292. Election of 1800
Definition
The two Democratic-Republicans Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr defeated Federalist John Adams, but tied with each other.
Term
293. Revolution of 1800
Definition
election changed the direction of the government from Federalist to Democratic- Republican, so it was called a _________
Term
294. Jefferson’s Inaugural Address
Definition
Declared that he would avoid foreign alliances.
Term
295. 12th Amendment
Definition
stated that presidential and vice-presidential nominees would run on the same party ticket.
Term
296. Second Great Awakening
Definition
series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects.
Term
297. Gilbert Stuart (1755-1828)
Definition
American painter, most famous for painting the portrait of Washington which was copied for the one dollar bill.
Term
298. Charles Wilson Peale (1741-1827)
Definition
An American naturalist painter.
Term
299. French Alliance of 1778
Definition
France aided the U.S. in the American Revolution, and the U.S. agreed to aid France if the need ever arose. 
Term
300. French Revolution
Definition
The second great democratic revolution, taking place in the 1790s, after the American Revolution had been proven to be a success.
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