Term
| What 2 things are in Bactrim |
|
Definition
| Trimethoprim + Sulfamethaxazole |
|
|
Term
What is a first gen cephalosporine?
What is a 3rd gen? |
|
Definition
Keflex (cephalexin)
Ceftriaxone (IV used for orbital cellulitis) |
|
|
Term
| What does the CT scan show on orbital pseudotumor? What about TED? |
|
Definition
Orbital pseudotumor- EOM AND tendon enlargement
TED- EOM enlargement but NO tendon enlargment |
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Term
| Triad for carotid-cavernous fistula |
|
Definition
1. Chemosis
2. Pulsatile exophthalmos
3. Ocular bruit |
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|
Term
| What is "stuck on" lesion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ways to treat Xanthelasma |
|
Definition
1. Surgical thickness surgical excision
2. Carbon dioxide laser treatment **BUZZ YEAR**
3. Chemical cauterization |
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|
Term
| What is xeroderma pigmentosa? |
|
Definition
| Inherited (AR) condition where UV radiation causes defect in DNA repair (more likely to get skin cancer) |
|
|
Term
| What is a big side effect of ACE inhibitor? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What causes superficial telangectasia on a lesion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is pre-malignant squamous cell carcinoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IRON deposits at base of keratoconus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vertical lines in deep stroma in keratoconus |
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|
Term
| What part of cornea is affected in hydrops? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is dosage of doxy for MGD? |
|
Definition
| 50 or 100 mg bid for 4 weeks, then qd for 3-6 mos |
|
|
Term
| How do you decrease recurrences for recurrent corneal erosion? |
|
Definition
1. Oral doxy 50 mg bid x 2 mos
2. Topical steroid (tid x 3 weeks)
3. Muro 128 ung (qhs x 3 mos)
Do ALL of these |
|
|
Term
| 2 treatment options for fungal cornea infection |
|
Definition
1. Amphotericin B
2. Natamycin |
|
|
Term
| Species of fungus that affect the cornea |
|
Definition
1. Aspergillus
2. Fusarium
3. Candida (more common in chronic corneal damage and immunocompromised) |
|
|
Term
| What agar do you use to culture Acanthamoeba? |
|
Definition
| Non-nutrient agar with E.coli |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment cocktail for acanthamoeba infection on cornea? |
|
Definition
1. Antiparasitic agents (Brolene or PHMB)
2. Antifungal ("-azoles")
3. Cycloplegic
4. Antibacterial
5. Steroid (controversial) |
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|
Term
| What percent of newborns have nasolacrimal duct obstruction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of canaliculitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lid (sup or inf) is more affected in atopic keratoconjunctivitis? What about Vernal KC? |
|
Definition
AKC- lower lid
VKC- upper lid |
|
|
Term
| 3 reasons for premature cataracts |
|
Definition
MAD
1. Myotonic Dystrophy
2. Atopic Dermatitis
3. Diabetes |
|
|
Term
| Name the mast cell stabilizers/anti histamine combos (6 of them) |
|
Definition
B, EZ-POP
1. Bepreve
2. Elestat
3. Zaditor
4. Patanol
5. Optivar
6. Pataday |
|
|
Term
| Triad of PCF (pharyngoconjunctival fever) |
|
Definition
1. Acute follicular conjunctivitis
2. Low grade fever
3. Mild sore throat |
|
|
Term
| What is the causative agent for simple bacterial conjunctivitis? |
|
Definition
| Gram (+) agent.. Staphylcoccus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus |
|
|
Term
| How is Trachoma usually spread? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proparacaine then silver nitrate (on cotton tip applicator, hold 20-30 sec) |
|
|
Term
| What's the typical dosing of treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis? |
|
Definition
| antibacterial qid for 5-7 days |
|
|
Term
| What drug class do you use to treat gonorrhea? |
|
Definition
Cephalosporin (ceftriaxone)
*If cornea involved, do IV (1 gram q12 hr)
*If cornea not involved, do IM (1 gram) |
|
|
Term
| 2 ways to treat inclusion conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
1. 1 g azithromycin
2. 100 mg doxy bid x 10 days |
|
|
Term
| 3 drugs that must be taken on an empty stomach |
|
Definition
1. Azithromycin
2. PCN
3. Tetracycline (not for doxy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SAFE
1. Sx for trichiasis
2. Antibiotis
3. Facial hygiene
4. Environmental hygiene |
|
|
Term
| Norms for Dry Eye (Schirmer 1 and 2, phenol red thread) |
|
Definition
Schirmer 1 > 10 mm in 5 min
Schirmer 2 > 5 mm in 5 min
Phenol Red Thread > 10 mm after 15 sec |
|
|
Term
| What does Salzmann's nodular dystrophy look like? |
|
Definition
| Blue-gray stromal opacities. Etiology from chronic keratitis (also trachoma) |
|
|
Term
| What does the malar rash mean? |
|
Definition
| Butter-fly rash, means it's Lupus |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat the telangiectasia in acne rosacea pts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the corneal dystrophy/ disease that is AR? |
|
Definition
Macular dystrophy (mac daddy)
-All others are AD |
|
|
Term
| Triad for congenital syphilis |
|
Definition
1. IK
2. Hutchinson's teeth
3. Deafness |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat disciform keratitis (herpes in stroma) |
|
Definition
| Pred Forte qid AND Viroptic qid |
|
|
Term
| If a CIN turns into cancer, what type of cancer does it turn into? |
|
Definition
| Squamous cell carcinoma of conjunctiva |
|
|
Term
| Where is the most common place to find a conjunctival nevus? |
|
Definition
juxtalimbal.
Be worried if it's on the cornea or in the palpebral fornices |
|
|
Term
| What is the chance of a recurrence of HSVeK? What it is the chance of recurrence if they are on their second recurrence? |
|
Definition
25%
After a recurrence, it's 40-45% |
|
|
Term
| How do you Rx prophylaxis for HSVeK |
|
Definition
| Acyclovir 400 mg bid x several years |
|
|
Term
| What nerves are affected in HSV? |
|
Definition
| V1 -- nasociliary branch -- long and short posterior ciliary nerves -- cornea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NFL
1. Nasociliary
2. Frontal
3. Lacrimal |
|
|
Term
| How would you do labs for HSV? |
|
Definition
| Corneal scrapings on Giemsa Stain-- if positive will show multinucleated giant cells |
|
|
Term
| What is the main preservative in Viroptic? |
|
Definition
| Thimerosol - toxic to epithelium! |
|
|
Term
| What causes disciform keratitis? |
|
Definition
| Herpes.. it's from endoheliitis (as opposed to IK found in Syphili that is due to actual stromal edema) |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat Herpes Zoster? |
|
Definition
Acyclovir 800 mg 5x/day
Valtex 1,000 mg tid |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 ways to treat HSVek |
|
Definition
1. Viroptic q2h for 5-7 days, then 5x/day for 7 days
2. Zirgan 5x/day until ulcer heals, then tid for 7 days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drugs cause whorl keratopathy? |
|
Definition
CHAI-T
1. Chloroqine
2. Hydroxychloroquine
3. Amiodarone
4. Indomethacin
5. Tamoxifen |
|
|
Term
| What is another term for Wilson's Dz? |
|
Definition
Hepaticolenticular degeneration
- Copper overload
- Kayser-Fleischer Ring, Sunflower cat
- Tremor of wrist!! |
|
|
Term
| Why do you get a cataract in DM? |
|
Definition
| Bc of increase in sorbitol in the lens |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology of myotonic dystrophy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of cataract in a DM? What if a diabetic's blood sugar increased really high really fast..what type of cataract do they get? |
|
Definition
Cortical
Snowflake opacity |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 drugs that cause NAION? |
|
Definition
VIAgara
1. Viagara
2. Imitrex
3. Amiodarone |
|
|
Term
| When should you D/c Warfarin for cat sx? |
|
Definition
| 96-115 hours before sx... 4 doses |
|
|
Term
| Why would you d/c a prostaglandin agonist before cat sx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many days after LASIK does DLK (diffuse Lamellar keratitis) occur? What's another name for it? |
|
Definition
1 day... use topical steroid (bc its inflammation)
*Sands of the Sahara |
|
|
Term
| How many days after LASIK does epithelial ingrowth occur? |
|
Definition
1 mos (milky white deposits at interface). More common if you have to had to lift flap before
Tx= flap lifting and scraping |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fine, white, grainy cells in the cornea |
|
|
Term
| What is the earliest retreatment time for LASIK? What about PRK? |
|
Definition
| 3 mos LASIK and 6 mos PRK |
|
|
Term
| How do you dose NSAIDs for tx of CME after cat sx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 big things you need to look for in a patient with anterior uveitis? |
|
Definition
1. Peripheral anterior synechiae
2. Posterior synechiae
3. CME |
|
|
Term
| What has boring ocular pain that radiates to jaw or forehead? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 6 causes of non-granulomatous uveitis |
|
Definition
1. Ulcerative colitis/Crohns (IBD)
2. Ankylosing spondylitis
3. Reactive Arthritis (Reiters)
4. Behcet's
5. Lyme Dz
6. Glaucomatocyclitic Crisis/Posner Shlossman
7. JRA (RF + and ANA -) |
|
|
Term
| What is an Abnormal PPD? What about in an immunocompromised pt? |
|
Definition
1. 15 mm
2. 5 mm
**Night sweats |
|
|
Term
| What are the HLA-B27 conditions? |
|
Definition
U-CRAP
1. Ulcerative colitis
2. Crohn's dz
3. Reiter's syndrome
4. Ankylosing spondyliis
5. Psoriatic arthritis |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat scleritis? |
|
Definition
Oral NSAIDs or oral steroids
**Do NOT use topical NSAIDs |
|
|
Term
| What is a big clue that you have an iris cyst? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of iris defects occur in neurofibromatosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is more common, nodular or non-nodular episcleritis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hypersensitivity rxn is phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should you suspect an underlying systemic etiology for episcleritis? |
|
Definition
1. Severe
2. Reurrent
3. Unresponsible to therapy |
|
|
Term
| What dosage do you expect to see corneal verticillata when taking amiodarone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 things should you ask b4 Rxing an oral steroid? |
|
Definition
1. Pregnancy
2. DM
3. Peptic ulcer dz |
|
|
Term
| What inheritance pattern in ocularcutaneous albinism? What about ocular albinism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of the pigment loss in ocular albinism? What about ocularcutaneous? |
|
Definition
Decreased number of melanosomes
Decreased number of melanin |
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