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Intestinal parasite assoicated with vitamin B12 deficiency |
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Bladder parasite causing blood in the urine |
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Spread by eating undercooked contaminated beef |
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Recent streptococcal infection |
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Staphylococcus [+] from streptococcus[-] |
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Staphylococcus aureus from other Staph. |
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Lowenstein-Jensen culture medium |
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Promotes growth of Gram negative rods |
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Bacteria with capsules-Strep pneumoniae |
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Corynebacterium diphtheria |
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Corynebacterium diphtheria |
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Thiosulfate-Citrate-Bile salts-Sucrose |
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Test to exclude a disease if test is negative [SnOUT] |
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Test to include a diagnosis if test is positive [SpIN] |
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Sudden increase in the number with a disease locally |
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Normal occurrence of a disease in a particular locality |
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Sudden increase in the number with a disease worldwide |
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Number of people with the disease at a given time |
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Number of new cases in the population at a given time |
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Number of people who die from a partiuclar disease |
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Number of people who have a particular disease |
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Epidemiology or Disease Triangle |
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Host, Agent [microbe] and Environment |
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Antigenic shift [virus], spores [bacteria/fungus] cysts [protozoa] |
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Disease that has newly appeared |
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Previously known disease that has increased or spread |
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Bacteria and fungi form spores and protozoa form cysts |
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Pathogen adaptations to environment |
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Viral adaptation to the environment and host |
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Exposure of milk to progressively higher temperatures |
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Use of chemicals or heat to destroy all life |
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Use of chemicals to destroy most pathogens |
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Use of aluminum to precipitate material from water |
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