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| Special path, a theory of history that refers to certain turning points in German history in which if things had gone differnetly, the germans would have been more likely to embrace democracy instead of turning to dictators. |
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| A Speech Delivered by Otto von Bismarck in 1862 to the parliament; in the speech, Bismarck says that it is Prussia's role to decide things by war, not liberal ideas and debate. He tells parliament to vote for the expansion of the army. When they refuse, he beings expanding the army without Parliament. The road to dictatorship in Germany begins here. |
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| Refers to bismarcks creation of the German Empire in 1871. He was essentially a dictator and manipulated a series of events to bring about the German Wars of Unification. Through these three wars, bismarck was able to get all of the other German states to join Purssia in the fight. The empire featured a constitution which set up a federalist structure. Germany also progressed quickly in terms of economic growth. |
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| located in Westphalia and the Rhineland; it is controlled by Prussia by 1871; site of major coal deposits which fueled the Industrial Revolution: important to Germany for economic reasons; also, its later occupation by the French during the Weimar period further alienated the German people from the government |
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| Experience of serving on the front lines during World War 1; Hitler found purpose and meaning in his experiences on the front and emphasized the sense of shared sacrifice and camaraderie of those with fronterlebnis. |
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| Political Myth after WW1 which said that Germany and the army never really lost the war, they were sold out by politicians. This was vital in shaping Hitlers view, and he used it for propaganda purposes heavily. |
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| Extremist, anti-semitic priest and Volksich mystic; a promoter of the Aryan myth that Aryans are superior to other grups; he also that said that semitism was a biological concept , not just a matter of faith and culture. |
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| the people united; ideas supportive of German nationalism; right-wing; emphasized the idea of volksgemenschaft - a people's community that would unite all Germans in a racially pure community; These ideas were the core of Nazi beliefs. |
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| Extremist political movements of the early 1900s, right-wing, hyper-nationalist, anti-socialist/communist, anti-democratic; not necessarily racist; Fascists glorified warfare, violence, and militarism; |
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| National Socialist German Workers party |
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| Party that grew out of the German Worker's party; Hitler Joined the german Workers party and began giving speeches in 1919; The name was changed to nsdap in 1920; Nationalist refers to the hyper-nationalism of the party, and socialist was meant to be provocative and to serve as propaganda in order to draw support from the workers. Hitlers party , and the party that eventually gains complete control of Germany. |
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| Flag stained with the blood of those killed in the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923; used to consecrate other flags. |
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| "My struggle" written while Hitler was in jail for the failed beer hall Putsch in 1923. It contains his ideas which become the basis of Nazi ideology; it also contains his distinctive ideas on propaganda and mass organization . |
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| Participated in the Beer Hall Putsch; Minister without portfolio; Minister of the interior of Prussia; created the Gestapo in 1933 and deputized members of the SS and SA; Interested in the environment, he was critical in the implementation of Hitlers plans and helped to create the totalitarian state. |
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| Army officer and violent brawler; one of the Nazis's wealthiest benefactors; helped build up Sa Storm Troopers and was made leader of the Sa in 1922; a war hero; cared little for the Nazi ideology, just wanted adventure and power; purged in the Hummingbird operation of June 1934; His call for a second revolution posed a threat to hitlers consolidation of power. |
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| Propaganda Chief of Nazi Germany; One of the few intellectuals of the party and a brilliant orator; Joined strasser in the North and attempted to split the party -- after hearing a speech by hitler, in which hitler emphasized his sole leadership and direction, goebbels pledged his support and love for Hitler; Helped synchronize German culture and art, and was responsible for the dissemination of propaganda (which was crucial in the regimes attempt to gain support and establish the volksgemeinschaft) |
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| Failed Nazi coup in Bavaria on Nov. 8-9, 1923; Hitler received signals that the Bavarian government might go along with him since it was hostile ot the Weimar government, but things changed when a pretext for coup was eliminated and the army began fearing the loss of its prestige; Hitler attempted to force the coup anyway, causing the governor of Bavaria and the police chief to betray Hitler; the army was called in and crushed the attempt; many nazis were killed and hitler was arrested and tried for treason; It was this event where hitler realized he would have to play the system legally in order to get power. |
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| Included Bruning, von papen, and Schliecher; thought they could control hitler and the Nazis and create an authoritarian state reminiscent of Bismarck's Germany; They enabled hitler and the Nazis to gain power |
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| War hero; elected president in 1925 and re-elected in 1933; an old conservative and Junker; didn't like the Weimar republic but governed in a constitutional manner; Invoked Article 48 several times and appointed bruning, papen, and schliecher as successive Chancellor; After papen makes a deal with him, Hindenburg appoints Hitler Chancellor through Article 48 on January 30th, 1933 and 9 other government ministers. Ultimately, he is responsible for Hitlers appointment as chancellor which was the beginning of the Nazi takeover. |
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| Double earner; referred to married women who worked; Nazis disliked because women workers took job away from men; Nazis used this as a criticism of Weimar Germany's lack of traditional values regarding the traditional roles of women |
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| process of Synchronization; refers to Nazi consolidation of power and the creation of an entire society that shared nazi values after 1933; Process whereby volksgemeinschaft is achieved; changes the way people think and feel through indoctrination of education and auxiliary organizations which pervade all aspects of life; this process eventually creates a totalitarian state. |
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| June 30th 1934; "Operation Hummingbird" murder of enemies and top sa leadership; included ernst Rohm, George Strasser, Schliecher and his wife. Hitler has the Reichstag retroactively pass a law making the events legal; this event was critical in Hitlers consolidation of power as now the army and the old conservatives are on his side. |
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| Peoples society; collective whole united in racial kinship and working towards achieving a racially pure society (national revolution)Hitler began implementing measures to achieve this after 1933; This was hitlers domestic goal which he worked tirelessly to achieve; also, synchronization was implemented in the effort to establish the community and all individuals were subordinated to achieving the volksgemeinschaft; the Achievement of the conquest of lebensbraum, required a volksgemeinshact. |
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| Strength through Joy program in the 1930's moral building program designed to build support for Hitler; It entailed cleaning up work sites and providing better working conditions, cultural activities and recreation, and subsidized vacations including cruise liner trips; this program also introduced the Volkswagen, This program was incredibly popular and helped build support for the Nazis/hitler among the working class and to combat worker dissatisfaction. Support among them was extremely important to the Nazis because they made up 55% of the population. |
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| Degernate art; modern art which doesn't portray perfection of the race: art which depicts defects |
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| Imperial Nature Protection Law |
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| Decreed by göring in 1935; had been on the drawing boards since 1922, but was never passed because of private property concerns; had immense propaganda value; it protected small parcels of land which were used to create nature preserves, and allowed the power of the state to protect nature |
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| eternal forest; long term sustainable forestry in contrast to scientific theory designed for profit. This entailed diversity, selective cutting, and natural regeneration; focused on the health of the forest as a whole; the Nazis found ideological parallels between the concept of Dauerwald and the German people. The Dauerwald doctrine had important propaganda and economic uses; additionally, policies enacted under the daueerwald doctrine left a positive environmental legacy. |
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