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- Signed in 1919 by the major world power.
- The Russians had to cede 30% of their territory; the Germans lost 10%, much of which had been recently acquired.
- Placed the responsibility for the war on Germany and its allies and imposed on Germany the burden of the reparations payments.
- The German army was reduced to a maximum of 100,000 soldiers, the navy was reduced, and Germany was forbidden to build major weapons of aggression.
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| The Nazi plan of "sychronization" of the military, the people, political institutions, businesses, schools, the media, etc. |
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| Those with one or two Jewish grandparents were considered "mixed breeds." |
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| A small Gypsy group which came to Italy in the 1940s from Yugoslavia. |
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| Law for Protection of German Blood and Honor |
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| On September 15, 1935, the Nuremberg laws defined who was a Jew, a Mischlinge, etc. The laws prohibited marriage between Jews and "Aryans" and declared that civil and political rights were only reserved for Germans. |
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| Originally called "International Bible Students." They would not swear allegiance to any "earthly" government or serve in any nations' military. They believed the world would enter a peaceful, thousand-year heavenly rule after it had gone through the battle of Armageddon. They were the first religious group to be outlaws from Nazi Germany in 1933. |
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| In the summer of 1938, delegates from 32 countries met at Evian to discuss how to help refugees from Germany. Each country was afraid of the inconvenience it would cause them, and the negative effect that such help could have on their economy. |
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| On May 13, 1939, the St. Louis sailed from Germany to Havana, Cuba with 938 passengers. The ship was forced to turn around and go back to Germany because Cuba, Mexico, the United States, and Canada all refused the refugees. |
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| Reich Committee (for Registration of Serious Hereditarily and Congenitally Based Diseases) |
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Hitler authorized Dr. Karl Brandt and Bouhler to recruit docots who formed a committee that required all midwives and doctors to document children with deformities. Three pediatricians would then mark each form to indicate whether a child would live or die.
This led to the euthanizing program, T-4. |
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The incorporation of Austria into Germany in the 1930s. In 1919, the peace treaty of St. Germain prohibited Anschluss to prevent a resurgence of a strong Germany, but in 1938, Austrian Chancellor Schuschnigg agreed to Hitler's demands for Anshchluss.
In the Moscow Declaration of 1943, the US, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union annulled the Anschluss, but an independent government was not established in Austria until after WWII. |
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| "Broken glass." On November 9, 1938, the Storm Troopers, SS and Hitler Youth showed violence toward Jews and their properties/businesses. Many Jews were killed and injured, and hundreds of businesses and synagogues were destroyed. |
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| Head of Hitler's personal staff; head of the Reich Committee and the children euthanasia program. |
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| The bishop of Munster who delivered influential sermons against the euthanasia program in 1941. |
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| Reich Security Main Office; created by Himmler on September 27, 1939 to bring policing in the Third Reich under a single organizational umbrella. |
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| German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact |
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| On August 23, 1939, this agreement included objections to the Versailles settlement and plans to attack Poland. It created two different spheres of influence where each side could operate without interference from the other. |
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| Came into conflict with the governor-general and the SS over the cruelty of the Einsatzgruppen. He protested to Hitler, who removed him from multiple posts throughout his career in the army. |
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| The new Polish government, planted by the Nazi party. After 1941, contained mass killings of Jews. |
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| A Polish town of about 2500 people, NE of Warsaw. The Jedwabne Massacre was an anti-Semitic massacre originally thought to have been committed by the Nazis on July 10, 1941. Actually, the Polish mayor ordered 1600 Jews to gather in the market square, to be killed by the townspeople. |
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Head of the Jewish Council in Lodz. Tried to save Jews.
In December 1941, German authorities demanded that he hand over 20,000 members of his community for "special treatment," so he and his committee tried to fill their list with outsiders and "asocials." |
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| The German invasion of the Soviet Union, beginning on June 22, 1941. |
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| The mobile killing squads of the RSHA. First employed in Austria in March 1938. Followed German forces into Poland in Sept 1939. Five forces also followed the invation into the USSR June 1941. |
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| Largest slaughter of the Einsatzgruppen. In Sept 1941, they shot over 30,000 Jews in Babi Yar, outside of Kiev, Russia. |
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| Drafted in 1941, calling for Germans to settle in Eastern Europe at the expense of uprooted people already living in the East. |
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| Hitler's expert on Jews and transportation/deportation. He promoted the use of gas chambers for the mass murder of Jews in concentration camps. |
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| Leader of Operation Reinhard. He planned deportations from Poland to death camps, construction of death camps, and the collection of the victims' clothing and valuables. |
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| Led by Heydrich in January 1942; official report produced by Eichmann. Outlined the Final Solution. |
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| The SS organization which implemented the systematic destruction of over 2 million Jews in Poland with the 3 Operation Reinhard camps: Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka |
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| An emissary between the Polish Socialist party and the Polish govt-in-exile in London. He gave a detailed eyewitness report of the Final Solution to the US and Britain. |
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| A Sonderkommando that survived Auschwitz. |
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| Building contractor in Lodz. Deported to Treblinka in October 1942, and was assigned as a slave worker while his wife and mother-in-law were sent to be gassed. |
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| A French bishop, and ordained in 1920 as a priest. He wrote letters condemning the Nazi deportation of Jews in the summer of 1942 and preached his opposition toward Nazi policies in his sermon in 1944. |
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| German Jewish men were gathered in Rosenstrasse, and their wives protested their arrest and demanded their release. |
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There were two:
April 19, 1943: The Jews of Warsaw staged an armed resistance with a machine gun, pistols, hand grenades, and Molotov cocktail bombs.
August 1944: The Polish Home Army decided to try to liberate Warsaw when they learned that the Red Army was approaching. |
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| Operation Harvest Festival |
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| In the fall of 1943, the Germans launched an offensive against the remaining Jews of Poland, which relied on mass shootings. |
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In the winter of 1942, students and professors of the University of Munich formed this organization and printed a series of leaflets announcing the crimes of Nazism.
Key figures: Hans and Sophie Scholl |
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| A division of the SS, composed of the most highly trained troops in the world at the time. Invaded France and was involved in the Battle of the Bulge. |
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| the most famous rescuer of Jews in Hungary. A Swedish businessman who used money raised by Jews in the US to set up safe houses under the jurisdiction of the Swedish embassy and issued Swedish passports. |
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| Brought to Auschwitz in 1944 as a teenager and refused to be separated from her mother and aunt, even turning down a position as a kapo. |
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| Introduced Zyklon-B as a killing method; worked at Auschwitz |
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| Nuremberg War Crimes Trials |
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| 1945-1946; Included 21 major war criminals and some central Nazi organizations. |
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| In which three nations did leaders try to create national policies to obstruct the plans of the Nazis? |
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