Term
| Nuclear fission advantages |
|
Definition
- long life
- unlimited endurance (less refueling)
- carries more |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
usually about the same number as protons
1.00866 amu |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
0.0005485 amu(over 1000’s times smaller)
Help determine how element reacts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
X = element symbol
a = atomic mass number (p+n)
Z = atomic number (p) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| isotopes w/ atomic number > 83 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alpha (a)
Beta (b)
Gamma (g) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
positively charged w/2 p’s & 2 n’s
emitted from heavy unstable nuclei
Easily absorbed by dead skin layer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
negative or positively charged particle
emitted from nucleus when n -> p or vice versa
Minimal threat: can be absorbed by clothing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
high freq electromag wave w/ no charge
lowers energy of parent nuclei (no change in A or Z)
harmful |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| time for 1/2 of radioactive atoms to disintegrate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mass is < individual masses of p’s, n’s, and e’s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nucleus is formed from its components releasing energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mass of reactants - mass of products |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| neutron interactions in terms of probability |
|
Definition
| larger the effective area, the greater the probability of interaction macroscopic cross section |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elastic type collision w/ nucleus (thermalized) |
|
|
Term
| Absorption interaction(sa) |
|
Definition
| Neutron absorbed by nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Relatively stable
Likely to absorb a neutron (large sa)
23692U fissions readily (large sf) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neutron + uranium 235 => FF1 +FF2 +2.43neutrons +energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| these cause fission (<0.1 eV)to sustain chain reaction, n’s slow down to thermal energy levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produced by friction(>0.1 MeV |
|
|
Term
| the larger the effective target area |
|
Definition
the greater the probability of interaction Represented by sigma (single neutron interacting with single nucleus)
measured in barns (10-24 cm) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if absorbed, causes fission |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IF absorbed, causes no fission |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| must slow down/thermalizing of n’s (some leakage) -> control rods and moderator used |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Substance used to slow down n’s by elastic collisions |
|
|
Term
| Qualities of a Good Moderator |
|
Definition
high ss (scattering cross-section)
low sa (absorption cross-section)
atomic mass close to neutron (ie: hydrogen) |
|
|
Term
| Temperature of water determines amount of interaction: |
|
Definition
| Temp increases water becomes more dense causes more collisions, n’s travel shorter distance to get thermalized, less chance of leakage, more fission & power increases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
# of neutrons in a given generation/
# of neutrons in preceding generation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fission rate sustained by the minimum number of thermal fissions (keff = 1) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fission rate is decreasing since not enough thermal neutrons are produced to maintain fission reactions (keff < 1) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fission rate increasing since more than necessary thermal neutrons created (keff > 1) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stores, supports, and isolates fuel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
structural support for Rx core
directs flow of coolant thru core |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
removable cover pressure vessel
prevents leakage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Control Rod Drive Mechanisms
Considered neutron leakage
Coarse Adjust for Reactor Power
Hafnium
High sa (sa = sc + sf)
High sc
Low sf |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (SuperCritical Reactor Ax Man) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| with all rods lowered, Rx cannot go critical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lift control rods to reduce “leakage” until Rx is critical; continue to lift until temp of moderator reacts to rod height changes -> let moderator control power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
circulates primary coolant thru core
Hermetically sealed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
heat sink for reactor
produces steam for MS system
Shell and tube heat exchanger |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Reduce radiation to protect personnel
Reduce radiation protect equipment |
|
|
Term
| DISADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR POWER |
|
Definition
cost of construction/ decommission
Great weight of shielding materials
Environmental concerns |
|
|
Term
| Parts of Main Steam Cycle |
|
Definition
Steam Generator (nuclear) or Boiler (conventional)
Turbines
Condenser
Main Condensate Pumps
Deaerating Feed Tank / Reserve Feed Tanks
Main Feed Pumps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Generation
Expansion
Condensation
Feed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Watersides (steam) and Firesides (furnace)
Fuel burned to produce heat -> transferred to water which boils to steam
Steam collects in steam drum (saturated) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increase temp of steam and dries steam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nuclear energy to thermal energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
improves efficiency in the steam plant
uses thermal energy that would go up the stack to preheat feedwater before the steam drum
nest of tubes between generating tubes of the boiler and the stack |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Seawater used to condense steam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| send condensate to the DFT at 20-30 psi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| holding area for condensate water at 80-100 F |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use 150# steam to establish initial vacuum and remove air |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
removes latent heat from auxiliary steam in air ejector
preheats condensate before it enters the deaerating feed tank |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
preheats feed
storage/surge volume
removes dissolved oxygen to minimize corrosion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Supplies feed water to Steam Generator (high pressure to overcome pressure) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Low pressure turbine exhaust is directly above the condenser
Boilers on lower and upper levels along the centerline of the ship |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Spark ignition
Compresses air-fuel mixture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compressed ignition
Compresses air only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
engine frame that contains cylinders in which piston moves
Supports liners & head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
admits, confines, and releases fuel/air
Cover to cylinder block
Supports valve train |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| crankshafts and camshafts |
|
|
Term
| Reciprocation & rotary motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reciprocating motion only |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
moved by combustion gases
Lightweight but strong/durable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Transfer heat from piston to cylinder
Seal cylinder & distribute lube oil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pivot point connecting piston to connecting rod |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Connects piston & crankshaft
reciprocating & rotating motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Combines work done by each piston
Drives camshafts, generator, pumps, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Absorbs and releases kinetic energy of piston strokes -> smoothes rotation of crankshaft |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
admits air to cylinder (with fuel in Otto cycle)
allows gases to be rejected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
times addition of intake and exhaust valves
Operates valves via pushrods & rocker arms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1 power stroke per 1 crankshaft rev |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1 power stroke per 2 crankshaft rev |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
single traverse of the cylinder by the piston (from TDC to BDC)
1 revolution of crankshaft = 2 strokes of piston |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Intake valve open, exhaust valve shut
Piston travels from TDC to BDC
Air drawn in |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Intake and exhaust valves shut
Piston travels from BDC to TDC
Temperature and pressure of air incre |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Intake and exhaust valves shut
Fuel injected into cylinder and ignites
Piston forced from TDC to BDC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Intake valve shut, exhaust valve open
Piston moves from BDC to TDC
Combustion gases expelled |
|
|
Term
| Four-Stroke Diesel Engine |
|
Definition
Intake
Compression
Power
Exhaust |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Intake and exhaust valves shut
Piston travels from BDC to TDC
Temperature and pressure of air increase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Intake and exhaust valves shut
Fuel injected into cylinder and ignites
Piston forced from TDC to BDC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Higher power to weight ratio
Less complicated valve train |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
More efficient burning process
As size increases, power-to-weight ratio improves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2 Stroke needs blower
2 Stroke process not as complete
2 Stroke usually uses a supercharger |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Diesel has compression ignition
Gasoline has spark plugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Uses fresh water and/or salt water to cool |
|
|
Term
| Engine Cooling System 3 purposes: |
|
Definition
Prevent overheating
Prevent loss of metal strength
Prevent excessive stresses |
|
|
Term
| Three reasons for superheating? |
|
Definition
Minimize erosion (dry steam better for blading)
Minimize corrosion (less chemicals entrained)
Maximize DT (Carnot efficiency) |
|
|
Term
Leadership Traits
(JJ-DID-TIE-BUCKLE) |
|
Definition
Justice
Judgment
Dependability
Integrity
Decisiveness
Tact
Initiative
Enthusiasm
Bearing
Unselfishness
Courage
Knowledge
Loyalty
Endurance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Be technically and tactically proficient. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Know yourself and seek self-improvement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Know your Sailors or Marines and look out for their welfare. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Keep your Sailors or Marines informed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To take charge of this post and all government property in view. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To walk my post in a military manner, keeping always on the alert, and observing everything that takes place within sight or hearing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To report all violations of orders I am instructed to enforce. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To repeat all calls from posts more distant from the guardhouse than my own. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To quit my post only when properly relieved. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To receive, obey, and pass on to the sentry who relieves me all orders from the Commanding Officer, Officer of the Day, and all officers and noncommissioned officers of the Guard only. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To talk to no one except in the line of duty. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To sound the alarm in case of fire or disorder. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To call the Corporal of the Guard in any case not covered by instructions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To salute all officers and all colors and standards not cased. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To be especially watchful at night and, during the time for challnging, challenge all person on or near my post, and allow no one to pass without proper authority. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| I am an American fighting in the forces that guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in their defense. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| I will never surrender of my own free will. If I am in command, I will never surrender the members of my command while they still have the means to resist. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If I am captured, I will continue to resist by all means available. I will make every effort to escape and aid others to escape. I will accept neither parole nor special favors from the enemy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Seaman Recruit / Private Second Class |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Seaman Apprentice / Private First Class |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Petty Officer Third Class / Corporal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Petty Officer Second Class / Sergeant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Petty Officer First Class / Staff Sergeant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chief Petty Officer / Gunnery Sergeant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Senior Chief Petty Officer / Master Sergeant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy / Seargeant Major of the Marine Corps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ensign / Second Lieutenant
(Gold Bar) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lieutenant Junior Grade / First Lieutenant
(Silver Bar) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lieutenant / Captain
(Silver Bars) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lieutenant Commander / Major
(Gold Oak Leaf) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Commander / Lieutenant
(Silver Oak Leaf) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Captain / Colonel
(silver eagle) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rear Admiral (lower half) / Brigadier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rear Admiral (upper half) / Major General |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vice Admiral / Lieutenant General |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| absolute pressure (PSIA) - atmospheric pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| atmospheric pressure - absolute pressure (PSIA) |
|
|
Term
| Atmospheric Pressure constant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Q=(KtA(Th-Tc))/L
Q : Quantity of heat (Btu or cal)
k : Coefficient of thermal conductivity (Btu/((hr)(F)(ft))
t : Time (hr)
TH : Temp at hot end (F)
TC : Temp at cold end (F)
L : Distance between the two ends
A : Cross sectional area (sq ft) |
|
|
Term
| 1st Law of Thermodynamics |
|
Definition
| The amount of energy gained by a system = the amount of energy lost by its surroundings. Energy can neither be created or destroyed, only transformed |
|
|
Term
| 2nd Law of Thermodynamics |
|
Definition
| The entropy of an isolated system can never decrease, In reversible processes, the entropy can be constant, but in irreversible processes the entropy must increase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reversible cycle where all heat is supplied at single high temperature and all heat rejected is at a single low temp |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
maximum thermal efficiency that could theoretically be achieved
(Ts – Tr)/Ts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The motive power of heat is depends on the temperatures of the bodies between heat is transfered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Heat added results in the change in temperature (kinetic energy), but no change in the substance's phase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy that can't be turned into work in a thermodynamic system |
|
|
Term
| Net Positive Suction Head |
|
Definition
| The difference between the pressure at the suction of a pump and saturation pressure. A positive value prevents cavitation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formation of bubbles caused by P < PSAT, and the subsequent collapse caused by P>PSAT Occurs at the suction of a pump |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sump, pump, strainer, cooler |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Allows turbine and propeller to operate at most efficient speeds
Combining the output of 2 turbine shafts to power a common shaft |
|
|
Term
| types of main reduction gear: Double Reduction |
|
Definition
Speed reduction takes place in two separate steps
High speed pinion to first reduction gear to Second Reduction pinion then to Bull gear |
|
|
Term
| types of main reduction gear: Articulated |
|
Definition
Use a “quill shaft” to increase the maximum allowable torque the reduction gear can withstand.
Shaft is essentially folded in on itself.
Space saving feature |
|
|
Term
| types of main reduction gear: Locked Train |
|
Definition
Power is distributed equally by two sets of gears and shafts from the high speed pinions to the bull gear
Eliminates side thrusts |
|
|
Term
| types of main reduction gear: Double Helical |
|
Definition
Two sets of gear teeth cut at opposite but complementary angles across the face of the gear
Stronger (larger surface area to transmit power)
Quieter
Eliminate side thrusts |
|
|
Term
| Specific Advantages of the LM 2500 |
|
Definition
In order to go faster than 11 kts, shaft RPM increased
In order to go astern, pitch varied to reverse flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compressor
Draws in air & compresses it
Combustion Chamber
Fuel pumped in and ignited to burn with compressed air
Turbine
Hot gases converted to work
Can drive compressor & external load |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
positively charged w/2 p’s & 2 n’s
emitted from heavy unstable nuclei
Easily absorbed by dead skin layer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
negative or positively charged particle
emitted from nucleus when n -> p or vice versa
Minimal threat: can be absorbed by clothing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
high freq electromag wave w/ no charge
lowers energy of parent nuclei (no change in A or Z)
harmful |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fission rate just sustained by the minimum number of thermal fissions (keff = 1) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fission rate is decreasing since not enough thermal neutrons are produced to maintain fission reactions (keff < 1) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fission rate increasing since more than necessary thermal neutrons created (keff > 1) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
= # of neutrons in a given generation/
# of neutrons in preceding generation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fission, fast neutrons, leakage, resonance escape, thermal leakage, thermal utilization, thermal fission |
|
|
