Term
| Name the concept that is the basis for all types of air navigation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Define the 4 basic elements of DR navigation. |
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Definition
- Position
- Direction
- Time
- Speed
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Term
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Definition
a position is a geographical point defined by coordinates:
Latitude(parallels) - angular distance north or south of the equator
Longitude (meridians) - angular distance east or west of the prime meridian |
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Term
| How is direction determined? |
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Definition
Direction is angular distance from a reference. Reference can be either True or Magnetic North.
Military acft have 2 compass systems:
Primary: Remote Gyro Vertical Compass Card -
Secondary: Stand-by Compass - independent of acft electrical system; called "wet" compass b/c it is filled with fluid to dampen needle mvmt. |
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Term
| State the primary purpose of the jet log. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the jet log assist with? |
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Definition
enroute voice communications
navigation
nav aid identification
provides departure/destination airfield info
it is 5 x 7 inches to fit on knee boaard and eliminates need for reference of other publications during critical phases of flight |
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Term
| Identify the 3 vectors and their 2 components that make up the wind triangle |
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Definition
- Air Vector - True Heading (TH) & TAS
- Ground Vector - True Course or Track & GS
- Wind Vector - Wind Direction & Velocity
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Term
| Describe the effects that changes in density have on True Airspeed and mach airspeed. |
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Definition
- the 2 factors affecting density are temperature and pressure
- an increase in altitude results in a decrease in temp and pressure(lapse rate: 2C, 1"Hg/1000 ft inc in alt)
- a decrease in density will result in an increase in TAS/Mach and vice versa
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Term
| Define indicated airspeed (IAS) |
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Definition
| read directly from aircraft airspeed indicator |
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Term
| Define Calibrated Airspeed (CAS) |
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Definition
| IAS corrected for instrument installation error |
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Term
| Define True Airspeed (TAS) |
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Definition
| CAS corrected for air density (altitude & temperature) and is the speed of the acft through the air mass |
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Term
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Definition
| Actual speed of the acft relative to the ground and is found by correcting TAS for head/tail wind. |
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Term
| Name 3 primary flight instruments essential to dead reckoning (DR) navigation |
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Definition
- BDHI (Bearing Distance Heading Indicator)[compass]
- Clock
- Airspeed Indicator
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Term
| Name the 2 secondary flight instruments used to correct for density in DR navigation |
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Definition
- altimeter
- outside air temperature (OAT) gauge
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Term
| Define the 3 major types of navigation |
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Definition
- Dead Reckoning - directing an acft & determining its position by the application of directions and speed data from a previous position;basis of all navigation
- Visual Navigation - maintaining direct visual contact with the earth's surface(used for high speed/low level flight)
- Electronic Navigation (3 kinds) - TACAN/VOR(provides distance and magnetic bearing[radial] from station), RADAR, INS (inertial navigation system
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Term
| When plotting an acft's geographical position based on its relationship to a TACAN station remember: |
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Definition
- info concerning the TACAN is displayed on the #2 needle
- the point of the needle (called the head) gives a magnetic bearing to the station
- The tail displays the current radial
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Term
| Define Magnetic Variation |
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Definition
| Angular difference between True North and Magnetic North from any given position on the Earth's surface. |
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Term
| When converting between true directions and magnetic directions what do you do? |
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Definition
| East is Least/West is best |
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Term
| Explain the global timekeeping system |
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Definition
| Earth is divided into 24 time zones, each 15 degrees on longitude in width |
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Term
| State where a particular location's zone description can be obtained. |
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Definition
IFR Enroute Supplement
TPC that covers the area of interest |
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Term
| State why a great circle route is desirable for acft navigation |
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Definition
| a great circle route is the shortest distance btwn 2 points, saving both time and fuel |
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Term
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Definition
A circle whose plane passes through the Earth's center, dividing the Earth into 2 equal halves
only 1 parallel: Equator
All Meridians are great circles |
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Term
| Define course, heading & track |
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Definition
- course - the acft's intended flight path
- heading - direction the nose of the acft is pointed [angular distance of teh acft's longitudial axis from true/mag North]
- track - acft's actual flight path over the ground
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Term
| Name the 2 main types of Lambert conformal charts & describe them |
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Definition
- Operational Navigation Chart (ONC): scale of 1:1,000,000, used for long range navigation
- Tactical Pilotage Chart (TPC): scale of 1:500,000, increased detail of ground features for visual/low level radar navigation; used for route and checkpoint determination
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