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Definition
Technology
Common sense
Religion
Philosophy |
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Term
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Definition
Model of the Universe: unified group of theories that explain the world around us.
Process : approach to problem solving/method of attaining knowledge about natural world.
Combination of Both: the orderly and systematic comprehension, description and explanation of natural phenomena, with the tools necessary for that understanding including esp. logic and math. |
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The Universe
Imperfect model of the universe
doing science
imperfect scientists |
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Definition
Falsifiability
Fundamental Laws
Mathematical Framework
Predictability |
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Term
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Definition
| established math an an integral part of science (by explaining the natural world in concrete terms without recourse to the gods or mythology). |
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| Dewitts Definition of world view |
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Definition
A comprehensive worldview is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing natural philosophy, fundamental existential and normative postulates or themes, values, emotion and ethics. A world wide perception. Framework of ideas and beliefs through which an individual interprets the world and interacts with it.
• Dewitt: a system of interrelated beliefs. (like a puzzle). |
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Term
| Thomas Kuhn's definition of a paradigm shift |
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Definition
| Abandonment of one theoretical structure and replacement by another incompatible one. |
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| regular definition of a paradigm shift |
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Definition
| o The total complex of a science that is the language, conceptual framework, theories methods and limits of science. |
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Term
| How did thomas kuhn view science (process) |
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Definition
| • Prescience normal science Crisis/revolution new normal science normal science. |
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| summary of future of science |
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Definition
- Expensive
- Speeding up
- Collaborative efforts by large groups
- Closely linked to technology
- Important economic and political source of influence/power |
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Term
| Cultural influences (international co authors) |
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Definition
| Most regions generally prefer to collaborate with Western European Countries. Western European scientists most frequently collab. With scientists from other western European countries. Within-region collaborations are relatively uncommon with the exception of Western Europe. |
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Definition
ancient shorelines 400 ft. below sealevel
-evidence of waves and fossils, wind and plants along shorelines
-fossils give ages of 7500 b.p.
-evidence of change in water from fresh to seawater |
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| Science and Public policy |
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Definition
-first time that science has been used to consider gov actions and public policy.
-problem is when to act using science
-Science will never give “truth” there will always be uncertainty in scientific knowledge.
-governemnts and policy makrs must act on the basis of less than perfect knowledge (prob get more info from slides too detailed (last 3 I believe) |
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| Grand Unified Theories- 4 forces in Universe |
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Definition
| Strong and weak forces, gravity, and electromagnetism |
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Definition
| combines electromagnetism and weak force |
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| what do the 4 forces in GUT do? |
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Definition
| -Each force generates a field that defines how masses react to the forces anywhere in the universe. (each has a massless particle (boson) that helps communicate the field info) |
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| what is scientists hypothesis about the 4 forces of GUT |
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Definition
| scientists hypothesize that @ the time of the big bang, these forces were one and we only view them differently now because they appear to act on different scales. |
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| What is scientists future goal for the GUT theory and 4 forces |
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Definition
| they want to find a way to mathmatically tie all of the forces together. |
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| Fundamental particles. How many are there |
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Definition
| There are 24 elementary particles (fermions) |
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Term
| ____/24 of the elementary particles are. |
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Definition
| 12/24 are quarks (and their antiquarks) which make up most of the ‘normal mass in the universe (protons and neutrons are 2 of more than 100 composite articles) |
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| The universe also has 12 ____ |
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Definition
| 12 massless particles (bosons- one of these is the photon) |
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| what do massles particles do |
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Definition
| massless particles transmit info about the 4 fundamental forces in the universe |
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Definition
-this is for incompletely understood systems and is the type of logic we should use in our everyday lives.
-2 observers can see 2 diff parts of the universe and end up with very diff. assumptions based on their obsevations. As long as the assumptions are honest and acknowledge the uncertainties in understanding the Universe due to our incomplete view of it, we can still use the paradigms ANYWhere in the universe.
***THEREFORE you have to…
1. Be honest
2. Acknowledge the unknown of the universe
…in order to keep our paradigms and our assumptions. |
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