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NASM Chapter 2 - Key Terms
Basic Exercise Science
32
Fitness
Professional
12/21/2010

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Term
Kinetic chain
Definition
The combination and interrelation of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems.
Term
Nervous system
Definition
The communication network within the body.
Term
Sensory function
Definition
The ability of the nervous system to sense change in either the internal or external environment.
Term
Integrative function
Definition
The ability of the nervour system to analyze and interpret sensory information to allow for proper decision making, which produces the appropriate response.
Term
Motor function
Definition
The neuromuscular response to sensory information.
Term
Neuron
Definition
The functional unit of the nervous system.
Term
Sensory (afferent) neurons
Definition
Transmit nerve impulses from effector sites to the brain or spinal cord.
Term
Interneurons
Definition
Transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another.
Term
Motor (efferent) neurons
Definition
Transmits nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the effector sites.
Term
Central nervous system
Definition
Brain and spinal cord.
Term
Peripheral nervous system
Definition
Cranial and spinal nerves spread throughout the body.
Term
Mechanoreceptors
Definition
Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues.
Term
Muscle spindles
Definition
Receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change.
Term
Golgi tendon organs (GTO)
Definition
Receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change.
Term
Joint receptors
Definition
Receptors that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration in the joint.
Term
Skeletal System
Definition
The body's framework, composed of bones and joints.
Term
Bones
Definition
Provide a resting ground for muscles and protection of vital organs.
Term
Joints
Definition
The movable junction where two or more bones meet.
Term
Axial skeleton
Definition
Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column.
Term
Appendicular skeleton
Definition
Portion of the skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities.
Term
Depression
Definition
Flattened or indented portion of bone, which can be a muscle attachment site.
Term
Process
Definition
Projection protruding from the bone where muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach.
Term
Arthrokinematics
Definition
Joint motion.
Term
Synovial joints
Definition
Joints that are held together by a joint capsule and ligaments and are most associated with movement of the body.
Term
Nonsynovial joints
Definition
Joints that do not have a joint cavity, connective tissue, or cartilage.
Term
Ligament
Definition
Primary connective tissue that connects bones together and provides stability, input to the nervous system, guidance, and the limitation of improper joint movement.
Term
Muscular system
Definition
Series of muscles that move the skeleton.
Term
Tendons
Definition
Connective tissues that attach muscle to bone and provide an anchor for muscles to produce force.
Term
Sarcomere
Definition
The functional unit of muscle that produces muscular contraction and consists of repeating sections of actin and myosin.
Term
Neural activation
Definition
The contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation.
Term
Motor unit
Definition
A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it supplies with nerves (innervates).
Term
Neurotransmitter
Definition
Chemical messengers that cross synapses to transmit electrical impulses from the nerve to the muscle.
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