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House of Bourbon.
Led France against most of the rest of Europe to win the throne of Spain for his grandson (the War of the Spanish Succession).
Known as the "Sun King,"
72-year-reign is the second longest in recorded history. |
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House of Bourbon.
Sometimes working with his chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu, and sometimes against.
Turned France into the pre-
eminent European power during his reign.
This was largely achieved via French victories in the Thirty Years' War. The
Three Musketeers is set in the early years of his reign. |
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(r. 1515-1547)
House of Valois.
Francis's early military victories (like
the Battle of Marignano),
Rivalry with Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire spelled his doom,
Captured in battle in 1525 and held for a humiliating ransom. Wars continued after his release, but bankruptcy and religious strife laid France low. |
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(r. 1589-1610)
Founder of the house of Bourbon. Henry, the king of Navarre,
He renounced Protestantism and accepted Catholicism in order to enter Paris and become king.
Erased the national debt and removed much of the religious strife with the Edict of Nantes (1598). |
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(r. 1179-1223)
House of Capet.
Won back Normandy, Brittany, Anjou, and other territories.
Took part in the famous Third Crusade (with Richard I and Frederick Barbarossa) |
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(r. 1223-1226)
House of Capet.
Annexed Languedoc and captured Poitou from England.
Established the systems of appanages (land grants) which replaced the older, local nobles with barons who owed their fiefs to the crown. |
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(r. 1483-1498)
House of Valois.
Short reign is remarkable for the enormous cost in men and money of his Italian campaign
He died before he could surpass or absolve his disastrous first campaign with another. |
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Louis IX
(r. 1226-1270)
House of Capet.
Led the Seventh Crusade that ended in military disaster.
Negotiated a peace with England.
Stabilized the French currency and is generally held to have reduced corruption in the kingdom.
Died leading a crusade against Tunisia.
The only canonized king of France. |
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(r. 1364-1380)
House of Capet.
"Ransom"ed his father, John II, from England for three million crowns and most of southwestern France.
With military advisor Bertrand du Guesclin, he recaptured almost all of that territory.
Restructured the collection of taxes while leading France's recovery from the devastation of the early period of the Hundred Years' War. |
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(r. 1574-1589)
House of Valois.
Struggles arose when it became clear that he was going to be the last of the Valois line.
The War of the Three Henries broke out after his brother died and the then-Protestant Henry IV became heir, leading the Catholic Holy League to strike out of fear for its interests.
Assassinated by a crazed friar in 1589. |
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