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| is a discipline in which tools from nanotechnology are developed and applied to study biological phenomena. For example, nanoparticles can serve as probes, sensors or vehicles for biomolecule delivery in cellular systems. |
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| Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter. Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter. Physical properties include: appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, polarity, and many others. |
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| A chemical property is a characteristic of a substance that may be observed when it participates in a chemical reaction. Examples of chemical properties include flammability, toxicity, chemical stability, and heat of combustion. |
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| Materials Characterization |
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| when used in materials science, refers to the broad and general process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. |
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| Bioaccumulation is the gradual accumulation of substances, such as pesticides or other chemicals, in an organism. Bioaccumulation occurs when an organism absorbs a substance at a rate faster than that at which the substance is lost by catabolism and excretion. |
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| the concentration of toxins in an organism as a result of its ingesting other plants or animals in which the toxins are more widely disbursed. |
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| is a patterning process in which a photosensitive polymer is selectively exposed to light through a mask, leaving a latent image in the polymer that can then be selectively dissolved to provide patterned access to an underlying substrate. |
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| an environment free from dust and other contaminants, used chiefly for the manufacture of electronic components. |
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