• Boils
• skin sepsis
• postoperative wond infection
• scalded skin syndrome
• catheter-associated infection
• food-borne infection
• septicemia, endocarditis
• toxic shock syndrom
• osteomyelitis
• pneumonia

• opportunistic pathogen associated with device related sepsis
• urinary tract infection
• sternal wornd osteomyelitis

 Normal habitat is skin

• Urinary tract infection in otherwise healthy women; associated with sexual intercourse

Normal habitat: skin, genitourinary mucosa

Streptococcus pyogenes

is responsible for which disease(s)?

Group A

• upper respiratory infections
• skin and soft tissue infections
• scarlet fever
• glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever are complications of skin and throat infections

Transmission: air-borne droplets

Normal habitat: human respiratory tract and skin

Streptococcus agalactiae

is responsible for which disease(s)?

• neonatal meningitis and septicemia

Normal habitat: gut and vagina

Transmission: birth 

Streptococcus pneumoniae

is responsible for which disease(s)?

• pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis
• otitis in children
• capsular type III associated pneumonia

Transmission: droplet

Normal habitat: human respiratory tract 

Enterococcus faecalis

is responsible for which disease(s)?

• UTI
• endocarditis
• septicemia after surgery and in the immunocompromised 

Transmission: endogenously aquired

Normal habitat: gut of humans and animals

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

is responsible for which disease(s)?

• diphtheria

Transmission: aerosol

Normal habitat: nasopharynx, sometimes skin

Bacillus anthracis

is responsible for which disease(s)?

• anthrax

Transmission: contact with infected animal hides and bones, spore enter through skin wound or inhalation

Normal habitat: soil 

Clostridium perfringens

is responsible for which disease(s)?

• gas gangrene
• food poisoning

Transmission: contact in a wound, or ingestion

Natural habitat: soil and normal flora of humans

Clostridium tetani

is responsible for which disease(s)?

• tetanus (lockjaw)

Transmission: contaminated soil in wound

Natural habitat: soil

Treatment: anti-toxin

Clostridium botulinum

is responsible for which disease(s)?

• floppy baby
• botulism

Transmission: ingestion

Normal habitat: soil

Clostridium difficile

is responsible for which disease(s)?

• pseudomembranous colitis (antibiotic-associated diarrhea)

Transmission: antibiotic use, fecal-oral

Normal habitat: gut

Escherichia coli

is responsible for which disease(s)?

• EHEC (entero-hemorrhagic E. coli) produce verotoxin
• UTI
• diarrheal diseases
• septicemia
• neonatalmeningitis

Transmission: fecal-oral

Normal habitat: gut 

Klebsiella pneumoniae

is responsible for which disease(s)?

• oportunist infections
• UTI

Transmission: hands (contact); endogenous

Normal habitat: gut; moist inanimate environments, soil and water. 

Salmonella spp.

is responsible for which disease(s)?

• Salmonella
• typhoid fever

Transmission: fecal oral, contaminated food or water

Natural habitat: animals; and some human carriers