Term
| Interaction of these concepts that determines behavior and impacts health disparities! |
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Definition
Race
Biology
Ethnicity
Culture
Socioeconomic status |
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Term
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Definition
Subspecies of homo sapiens
One’s phenotype believed to be indicative of genotype and potential for moral character
The Office of Management & Budget defined 7 racial/ethnic categories – used by all Federal agencies
American Indian or Alaskan Native, Asian or Pacific Islander, Black, Not of Hispanic origin, Hispanic origin, White, muticultural. |
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Term
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Definition
| Combination of three factors |
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Term
| The Purnell Model is based on what scientific field of study? |
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Definition
| anthropology (the study of cultures). |
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Term
AccordinEmbrujado—bewitchment manifested through physical or psychological illness, depending on the intent of the bewitcher (who is always female). A socially accepted psychological disease, in contrast to being “mad,” which is not socially accepted.
g to the Purnell Model, which is the nurse assessing when the nurse asks a patient, “do you consider yourself to be either autonomous or dependent in your family?” |
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Definition
| family goals and organization |
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Term
| Which part of the Purnell Model is being assessed when the nurse asks, “how long do you grieve after the death of a family member or friend?” |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the Purnell Model is being assessed when the nurse inquires, “do you pray for good health?” |
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Definition
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Term
| Name one macroaspect and one microaspect of the Purnell Model |
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Definition
Macro: metaparadigm, global society, community, family, person, and conscious competence
Micro: One of the 12 domains of the model Overview/Heritage, Communication, Family roles and organization, WOrkplace issues, Biocultural ecology, High-risk behaviors, Nutrition, Pregnancy and childbearing practices, Death rituals, Spirituality, Health care practices, Health care practitioners |
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Term
Name 1 of the 7 risk factors for
LEP |
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Definition
The patient is elderly.
The patient has a low income.
The patient is unemployed.
The patient did not finish high school.
The patient belongs to a minority ethnic group.
The patient is a recent immigrant to the United States who does not speak English.
The patient was born in the United States, but English is a second language. |
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Term
Who is the BEST person to
translate for a medical professional? |
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Definition
| certified medical interpreter |
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Term
| Before a patient interview with an interpreter, the nurse must assure that the interpreter performs which method of interpretation? |
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Definition
| sentence-by-sentence interpretation |
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Term
| CLAS mandates relating to language access mandates are current Federal requirements for ALL recipients of which type of funds? |
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Definition
| Federal funds such as medicare and medicaid. |
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Term
| The CLAS standards are based on what Federal law? |
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Definition
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Term
| United States is ranked 29th in this health statistic which is used as a measure of a country’s health system in general. |
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Definition
| US life expectancy rank (compared to other industrialized Western nations). |
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Term
| Considered the strongest predictor of your current health status? |
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Definition
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Term
| Considered the most important factor behind the 30 year increase in U.S. life expectancy during the last century. |
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Definition
| social programs such as social security, minimum wage, housing, sanitation, etc. |
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Term
| Number of days of paid holidays, vacation, and sick time that are mandated by law in the United States? |
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Definition
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Term
According to the Unnatural Causes Video series:
the wealthiest 1% of Americans owns as much as the bottom X percentage of people in the United States |
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Definition
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Term
| Which Hispanic country of origin has the greatest percentage of Hispanic people living in the United States? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Hispanic population is the largest minority group in the U.S. due to what two factors? |
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Definition
| higher fertility and immigration rates |
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Term
| A term used for a person who is Spanish-speaking living in the U.S. and whose country of origin is from a Spanish-speaking country |
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Definition
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Term
| According to the U.S. Census, Hispanics have a higher number of this family measure or component. |
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Definition
| average household size and/or 2 parents living in the home. |
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Term
| Which Hispanic subgroup has the largest percentage of poverty? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name one health statistic that American Indians and Alaskan Natives experience disproportionately high mortality rates? |
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Definition
| alcoholism, TB, DM, injuries, suicide & homicide. |
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Term
| Marker used by some nations to document a certain percentage of Native American heritage to be considered a member. |
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Definition
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Term
| The majority of American Indians and Alaskan Native live here. |
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Definition
| urban, non-reservation areas across the U.S. |
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Term
| American Indian ritual in which herbs are burned to purify people and/or places before sacred events, meditation, an important meeting, or when offering help/healing. |
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Definition
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Term
| Traditional illness experienced by American Indians that can manifests itself as weakness, bad dreams, feelings of impending danger, dizziness, hallucinations and anxiety. |
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Definition
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Term
| Socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, values, customs, lifeways, and all other products of human work throughout characteristics of a population of people that guide theri world view and decision making. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
—severe expression of shock, anxiety, or sadness. May be expressed through
hyperventilation, bizarre behavior, or violence |
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Term
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Definition
—vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, migraine, nightmares, loss of appetite,
inability to urinate. Believed to stem from bile pouring into the bloodstream in response to strong emotion, rage, or revenge fantasies. |
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Term
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Definition
| bewitchment manifested through physical or psychological illness, depending on the intent of the bewitcher (who is always female). A socially accepted psychological disease, in contrast to being “mad,” which is not socially accepted. |
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Term
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Definition
lack of appetite, stomachache, diarrhea, vomiting. Thought to be caused by
poorly digested or uncooked food. The symptoms of empacho overlap with those of several biomedical conditions, such as gastroenteritis, formula sensitivity, milk allergy, obstruction, pyloric stenosis, appendicitis, and intussusception. Treatment includes dietary restrictions, herbal teas, or abdominal massage with warm oil. Parents may take a child with empacho to a traditional healer before seeking medical care. |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive fatigue and tiredness. Can overlap with several biomedical conditions such as heart disease, depression, diabetes and thyroid disorders. The name used by some Puerto Ricans for asthma. |
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Term
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Definition
vomiting, fever, crying, restlessness. Thought to be caused by an
admiring or covetous look from a person with an evil eye. Mal de ojo is believed to “heat up” a child’s blood, resulting in fever, uncontrollable crying, and other symptoms. Treatment consists of visiting a folk healer for herbal remedies and ritual cures or sweeping the child’s body with an egg, lemon, chili pepper, or rue. The symptoms of mal de ojo overlap with conditions such as a viral illness, bacteremia, sepsis, dehydration, and gastroenteritis. |
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Term
| Mollera caida (fallen fontanel)— |
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Definition
| believed to occur when the breast or bottle is removed too rapidly or when the infant is bounced or tossed around. As a result, it is believed that the soft palate collapses in the mouth. Symptoms include fever, diarrhea, and fussiness. Treatment is aimed at realigning the fontanel by pushing up the soft palate with the thumb, pulling the hair, sucking the fontanel, or hanging the infant over a basin of water and tapping the feet. The symptoms of mollera caida can overlap with those of sepsis, dehydration, meningitis, or dysentery. |
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Term
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Definition
| restlessness, insomnia, loss of appetite, headache, nonspecific aches and pains. It is often linked to chronic, negative life circumstances, especially in interpersonal relationships. |
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Term
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Definition
| tonic spasm of voluntary muscle, chronic cough or stomach pain, arrested growth and development. Thought to be brought on by exposure to cold air when the body is overheated. |
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Term
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Definition
| soul loss or fright characterized by anorexia, insomnia, hallucinations, weakness, painful sensations. Thought to be caused by a traumatic experience. |
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Term
traditional illness beliefs:
American Indian/Alaskan Natives |
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Definition
Every illness is due to an imbalance, with supernatural, spiritual, or social
implications. Traditional American Indian medicine is concerned with physical,
mental, and spiritual renewal through health maintenance, prevention of illness, and restoration of health. |
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Term
| Complementary and alternative medicine/traditional medicine (CAM/TM)American Indian/Alaskan Natives |
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Definition
Treatment focuses on the cause of the imbalance, not just the symptoms, and is
holistic in approach. Tobacco is a traditional medicine. |
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Term
communication strategies:
American Indian/Alaskan Natives |
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Definition
| Handshake. in some American Indian groups, a limp hand is culturally appropriate and is a symbol of humility and respect. style of communication that is reserved and may be interpreted as unfriendly. |
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Term
childcare/birth practices:
American Indian/Alaskan Natives |
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Definition
| American Indian and Alaska Native children and youth are more than 2x as likely to die in the first four years of life as is the general population |
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Term
death rituals
American Indian/Alaskan Natives |
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Definition
| Death is not an enemy but a natural phenomenon of life. The spirit existed before it came into a physical body and will exist after the body dies. |
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Term
religious beliefs
American Indian/Alaskan Natives |
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Definition
| tobacco a sacred gift and use it during religious ceremonies |
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Term
language
American Indian/Alaskan Natives |
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Definition
| have some of the longest pause times compared with other languages, especially English. Silence is valued, and long periods of silence between speakers is common. Create an Atmosphere of Open Communication |
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Term
traditional illness beliefs
Hispanics |
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Definition
| Ataque, Bilis, Embrujado, Empacho, Fatiga, Mal de ojo, Mollera, caida, Nervois, Pasmo, Susto |
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Term
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Definition
women are 10 times more likely to engage in CAM/TM than other ethnic groups
Traditional healers such as curandero, sobadores, santerista Spiritual healing, religion, prayer modalities Nutritionists and chiropractors |
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Term
communication strategies
Hispanics |
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Definition
| 40.6% of Hispanic households speak Non-English at home, English spoken less than "very well" |
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Term
childcare/birth practices
Hispanics |
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Definition
By 2050 will grow to 15-30% of US population
Asthma-leading chronic disease among Latino children |
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Term
traditional illness beliefs
Korean |
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Definition
| Illness is viewed as a disharmony in yin and yang. Shamanism is practiced. Body’s vital energy or ki is imbalanced when illness occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Examples of treatments: herbs, acupuncture, cupping , moxibustion . addresses curative aspect more than preventative practice |
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Term
childcare/birth practices
Korean |
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Definition
| Careful, permissive and affectionate mothering. Strict father. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sanhujori is an 8 week period after delivery where strength and warmth are regained, Warm foods are encouraged. Cold is avoided. Salty, spicy sweet and sour foods are avoided and personal hygiene is practiced to restore the body to its pre-pregnancy condition. |
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Term
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Definition
| Family members are summoned to observe dying family member’s last breath and may respond with a loud wail and intense emotional response. Funerals are usually 3 days long and burial is preferred over cremation. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
reasons for immigration
Korean |
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Definition
| Restrictions by the government were lifted in 1950s-1960s, these people continue to immigrate to pursue the american dream, increase socioeconomic status and attend college. |
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Term
| traditional illness beliefs Vietnamese |
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Definition
Spiritual Balance Western: Illness brought on by curse, sorcery, non-observance of a religious ethic. Traditional medical healers Specialist may be called upon to exorcise a bad spirit Spiritual protection. Balance is a very widespread belief
Health is a state of balance between the forces Hot and cold Restoring balance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| communication strategies Vietnamese |
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Definition
| Direct eye contact ok but not while speaking. |
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Term
| childcare/birth practices Vietnamese |
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Definition
| At birth the child is considered one year old. No bathing is performed by the woman as to avoid cold. Men, unmarried women and young girls are not allowed in the delivery room. Out of wedlock pregnancy is shameful. |
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Term
| pregnancy rituals Vietnamese |
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Definition
| Timing of a child’s birth is calculated because it is believed to affect the baby’s destiny. Some pregnant women avoid weddings and funerals and abstain from intercourse as these are thought to cause harm to the baby. |
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Term
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Definition
| Home death is preferred. Recalling past good deeds are thought ot mentally prepare the dying for the next life. After death, coins, jewels or rice are placed in the mouth of the deceased. After a few years, a body is exhumed and the bones are washed and sealed in a ceramic jar and stored in a family pagoda. |
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Term
| religious beliefs Vietnamese |
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Definition
| Life is a cycle, Health seeking behaviors, Preventative health is a challenge Health care decision making is often a family matter |
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Term
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Definition
| Vietnamese culture is concerned more with status than with wealth., "Thua" (meaning please) is added in front of the first name to show respect. Bow heads |
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Term
| traditional illness beliefs Chinese |
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Definition
Every illness is due to an imbalance, with supernatural, spiritual, or social
implications. Treatment focuses on the cause of the imbalance, not just the symptoms, and is holistic in approach. In TCM, the understanding of the human body is based on the holistic understanding of the universe as described in Daoism, and the treatment of illness is based primarily on the diagnosis and differentiation of syndromes. |
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Term
| communication strategies Chinese |
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Definition
| Each family maintains a recognized head with great authority and assumes all major responsibility in the family. Eye contact ok |
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Term
| childcare/birth practices Chinese |
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Definition
| Fathers not included, acupuncture is practiced. Women are fully clothed, delivering in the low lithotomy position. Keeping warm is important following the birth. |
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Term
| pregnancy rituals Chinese |
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Definition
| Ginger is used in showering to protect form cold. Baby’s birth is celebrated at one month with a feast. |
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Term
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Definition
| Aversion to anything death related. Autopsies and disposal of the body are preference driven. Oldest son makes funeral arrangements. After 7 years, the body is exhumed an cremated an d re-buried in the family tomb. White yellow and black are colors of mourning. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mandarin (pu tong hua) official language of China 3 most common dialects in the Northwest Mandarin, Cantonese, & Toisanese |
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Term
| communication strategies Japanese: |
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Definition
| Eye contact gaining acceptance, handshake ok, bowing is customary |
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Term
| childcare/birth practices Japanese: |
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Definition
| Strong mother-child relationship= boys were more important than girlsWomen in labor are silent and may eat. When the infant is one month old, the grandmother takes the infant to a shrine to pray for health. |
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Term
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Definition
| Controlled public expression of grief, |
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Term
| religious beliefs Japanese: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Differences in health that are not only avoidable and unnecessary but in addition, unjust and unfair |
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Term
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Definition
Providing all people with fair opportunities to attain their full health potential to the extent possible
Horizontal equity
Vertical equity |
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Term
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Definition
| Providing equal healthcare to those who are viewed as having the same need |
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Term
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Definition
| Treating groups or individuals differently than those who have different needs |
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Term
| Major Determinants of Health |
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Definition
Environment*
Heredity
Lifestyle
Health care services |
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Term
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Definition
$2.5 Trillion in 2009
Over $7,681 annually per person!
Over 16% of GDP |
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