Term
| Nursing informatics is defined as _______________. |
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Definition
| The integration of nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge and wisdom into nursing practice |
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Term
| An example of how nursing informatics affects nursing practice is the use of _________________. |
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Definition
| Computer-generated nursing care plans and critical pathways. |
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Term
| A client's race, weight, marital, or employment status are examples of ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| In the role of knowledge builder, what characteristics do nurses display? |
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Definition
| The nurse aggregates clinical data and shows patterns across patients that serves to create new knowledge or can be interpreted within the context of existing nursing knowledge. |
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Term
| How does computer literacy differ from information literacy? |
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Definition
| Computer literacy refers to a familiarity with the use of personal computers while information literacy is the ability to recognize when information is needed as well as the skills to find, evaluate, and use needed information effectively. |
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Term
| How does nursing informatics affect all nurses? |
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Definition
| All nurses deal with data. |
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Term
| An electronic version of the client data found in the traditional paper record is the ____________. |
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Definition
| Electronic medical record |
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Term
| A benefit of the electronic medical record is __________. |
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Definition
| Improved access to information |
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Term
| The __________ is a nurse who has received educational preparation to conduct informatics research and generate informatics theory who has a broad vision of what can be attained using information technology. |
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Definition
| Informatics Nursing Specialist |
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Term
| In today's rapidly changing health care delivery system, nursing informatics is a/an _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A computer system consists of the following components ___________. |
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Definition
| Hardware, software, data, procedures, and users |
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Term
| The __________ performs actual calculations and is often called the "brain" of the computer. |
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Definition
| Central processing unit (CPU) |
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Term
| Computer hardware is comprised of many different parts, but the main elements are ____________. |
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Definition
| Input devices, the central processing unit, secondary storage, and output devices. |
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Term
| A combination of hardware and software that allows communication and electronic transfer of information between computers is a _____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following commercial software products are examples of operating system software and application software, respectively? |
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Definition
| Microsoft Vista and Microsoft Word |
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Term
| Which of the following statements about how computers work is NOT true? |
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Definition
| The BIOS (basic input/output system) determines how rapidly instructions are handled on the computer. |
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Term
| What is the smallest unit of data that can be handled by the computer? |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ is the scientific study of work and space, including details that affect worker productivity and worker health. |
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Definition
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Term
| As a school nurse, you must regularly send letters home to parents concerning students. Specifically, what type of program would you use to create the letters? |
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Definition
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Term
| What should you consider when selecting a computer system based on needs and expectations? |
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Definition
Storage capacity and program execution time.
Budget and the number of workers who need access at any one time.
Applications required, backup options, and maintenance. |
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Term
| The ability to collect, store, and retrieve correct, complete, and current data so that they are available to authorized users when needed is called ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of controlling the storage, retrieval, and use of data in order to optimize accuracy and utility while safeguarding integrity is called __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following best describes Knowledge discovery in data bases? |
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Definition
| It offers the potential to generate nursing knowledge by creating models from the data in the database. |
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Term
| A nurse is collecting data during the admission and assessment of a visually impaired client. What data verification technique(s) should the nurse use to ensure data accuracy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Data storage measures should provide safe, accessible storage to authorized persons through a plan that considers ___________. |
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Definition
Provider, client and third-party payer needs
Physical threats to information and media
Performance requirements |
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Term
| Which of the following issues should be considered when planning for data retrieval? |
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Definition
Environmental conditions and physical hazards
Control of persons who may access computer equipment and data
Backup of data |
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of quality information? |
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Definition
| Most details are complete and clear |
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Term
| A technique using software that looks for hidden patterns and relationships in large groups of data is ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| How is data mining used in healthcare? |
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Definition
| It is used to identify standardized treatments for specific diseases. |
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Term
| A procedure that uses software to improve the quality of data to ensure that it is accurate enough for use in data mining and warehousing is __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ability to exchange information through the use of computer equipment and software is _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| A worldwide network that connects millions of computers together is _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ is an information service that provides access to Internet resources by content instead of file name. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a major feature of the World Wide Web that makes it simple to learn and use? |
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Definition
| Graphical user interface (GUI) |
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Term
| Which of the following is a service of the Internet? |
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Definition
File transfer
E-mail
Instant messaging |
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Term
| Which of the following statements is true? |
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Definition
| Search engines use automated programs that search the web. |
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Term
| Online resources should be evaluated according to which of the following criteria? |
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Definition
Accuracy
Comprehensiveness of information
Date of issue |
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Term
| Nurses may use the World Wide Web to learn more about ________. |
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Definition
Undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral nursing programs
Disease-specific information and recommended treatment modalities
Nursing informatics |
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Term
| Which of the following statements best describes consumer health informatics? |
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Definition
| It is the use of electronic information and communication to improve medical outcomes and the health care decision-making process from the patient/consumer perspective. |
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Term
| ____________ uses Internet technology to provide health care organizations with mechanisms of safe and quick exchange of information with other business entities. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Recorded facts about people, objects, or events
Words, numbers, symbols, sounds, or images |
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Term
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Definition
Interpreted data
Data arranged in some sort of order so that it has meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| Synthesis of information from multiple sources to produce a single concept |
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Term
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Definition
Applied knowledge
Use of knowledge to manage and solve problems |
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Term
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Definition
The art and science of turning data into information
Multidisciplinary scientific endeavor of analyzing, formalizing, and modeling how nurses collect and manage data, process data into information and knowledge, and make evidence-based decisions for patient care
Use of computer technology to support nursing, including clinical practice, administration, education, and research |
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Term
Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform (TIGER)
Vision |
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Definition
Allow informatics tools, principles, theories, and practices to be used by nurses to make healthcare safer, effective, efficient, patient-centered, timely, and equitable
Interweave enabling technologies transparently into nursing practice and education, making information technology the stethoscope for the 21st century |
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Term
Careers in Nursing Informatics
Basic |
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Definition
Use IT to support clinical and administrative work processes
Access records and charts electronically |
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Term
Careers in Nursing Informatics
Experienced |
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Definition
Use IT to support quality improvements in specialty area
Use of evidence-based databases
Work with IT staff to implement system improvements |
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Term
Careers in Nursing Informatics
Expert (Informatics Nurse Specialist) |
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Definition
Organization-wide system integration
Informatics research
Train others in data-driven decision making |
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Term
| Informatics and Patient Safety |
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Definition
Patient identification
Order entry systems
E-prescribing
Medication administration
Decision support software |
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Term
| Impact of IT on Healthcare |
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Definition
Workflow changes
Evidence-based practice
Consumer demand for quality, affordable healthcare
Employee productivity
Transparency and online report cards
Remote clinical monitoring
Research |
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Term
| What Makes Healthcare Information Systems Unique? |
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Definition
Transaction intensive industry
Lives and physical well-being are on the line
Complex mix of administrative and clinical systems
Historically underfunded
Privacy and confidentiality laws |
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Term
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Definition
| Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society |
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Term
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Definition
| American Health Information Management Association |
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Term
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Definition
| American Nursing Informatics Association |
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Term
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Definition
| Alliance for Nursing informatics |
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Term
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Definition
| American Medical Informatics Association |
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Term
| Five Components of an Information System |
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Definition
Hardware
Software
Data
Procedures
Users |
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Term
| Centralized Computer Hardware |
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Definition
Supercomputer
Mainframe/minicomputer
Server |
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Term
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Definition
Most powerful and expensive type of computer
Solve complex scientific problems requiring lots of calculations and large volumes of data |
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Term
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Definition
Multi-user computers used to process high volume of transactions
Capable of supporting hundreds to over 10,000 simultaneous users
Run enterprise application SW and web-based apps |
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Term
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Definition
Scalability
In small work environments, one server does it all
Servers given specific tasks in large environments - file server, print server, web server, mail server, application server, etc. |
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Term
| Decentralized Computer Hardware |
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Definition
Workstation on Wheels (WOW)
Handheld – tablet, PDA, smartphone |
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Term
| Workstation on Wheels (WOW) |
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Definition
Brings computing to the bedside
Increases patient contact time
Fewer errors in transcribing information
Faster access to relevant information
Some patients don’t like them |
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Term
| Handheld – tablet, PDA, smartphone |
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Definition
Quick and easy access to information
Number of apps increasing rapidly
Some hospitals have policies that limit use |
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Term
| Operating System Software |
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Definition
Interface between computer HW and application SW
Manages I/O devices, data storage, memory, multi-tasking, security, networking, etc.
Required on all computers – supercomputers to smartphones
Unique to each hardware platform |
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Term
| Types of Application Software |
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Definition
General purpose software
Function-specific software
Utility software |
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Term
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Definition
Fulfills a variety of needs for many people
Examples - web browser, word processor, spreadsheet, presentation, scheduling/organizing, etc. |
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Term
| Function-specific software |
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Definition
Supports a single work process or function
Examples - electronic medical record (EMR), order entry, accounting, radiology, lab, pharmacy, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
Configure, optimize, and maintain computer’s SW and HW
Examples - anti-virus, spyware detector, diagnostics, data backup and recovery, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
Computers and devices connected together to exchange data
Local area network (LAN)
Wide area network (WAN)
Internet |
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Term
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Definition
Single geographic location (up to ½ mile)
Enables sharing of software, data, hardware devices, and internet connections
Wired or wireless |
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Term
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Definition
| Connects LANS, servers, and computers over long distances |
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Term
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Definition
Network of networks – LANs, WANs
Distributed, i.e. no central host computer(s) |
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Term
| Alternatives for Running Application Software |
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Definition
Conventional
Client-server |
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Term
| Alternatives for Running Application Software: Conventional |
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Definition
Doesn’t require external software or data source to function
MS Word, Excel, Adobe Acrobat, Photoshop, etc. |
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Term
| Alternatives for Running Application Software:Client-server |
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Definition
Software and/or data storage distributed between server and user’s computer (client)
Thin client
Web browser used to access SW and data files on server
E-commerce, Sakai, Gmail, web-based EMR
Thick client
SW installed on client with data files and/or additional SW on server
Generally have more features than thin client apps
MS Outlook, SharePoint, Google Earth, Epic |
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Term
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Definition
| Assurance that data is correct, complete, and up-to-date |
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Term
| Data collection and entry |
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Definition
People – conscientious, thorough, well-trained, etc.
Software system checks - validation, duplicate record prevention, completeness, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
Policies and procedures governing the collection, storage, retrieval, usage, and disposal of data
Means by which data integrity is achieved |
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Term
| Characteristics of Quality Information |
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Definition
Timely
Accurate
Readily available
Unbiased
Comprehensive
Appropriate to user needs
Free from ambiguity
Reliable, regardless of who collects it
Convenient form for interpretation and use |
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Term
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Definition
Flawed decisions
Patient harm or death
Financial loss to healthcare organization, patient, or payer
Non-productive work to find and fix errors and omissions
GIGO |
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Term
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Definition
| Copy of operational database(s) used for data mining, analysis, and reporting |
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Term
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Definition
Clean up ‘dirty data’
ID and fix missing values, errors, outdated or irrelevant info
Requires software app and detail-oriented people |
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Term
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Definition
Join data from multiple sources
Convert to common data structure |
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Term
| Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery in Databases |
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Definition
Extraction of previously unknown and potentially useful information from databases
Identify patterns, relationships, and trends in aggregate data
Sift through large amounts of data hoping to find a ‘nugget’
Techniques range from simple correlation to factor analysis
Software helps, but mostly human curiosity and insight
KDD - evolved form of data mining using sophisticated statistical analysis techniques |
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Term
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Definition
Global data communication system of interconnected computer networks - a network of networks
Millions of private and public, academic, business, and government networks
Originated in 1960s to enable US military agencies to exchange research data over a fault-tolerant, distributed computer network
Consists of hardware and software |
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Term
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Definition
One of the services communicated via the Internet
Collection of interconnected documents (hypertext pages) accessed through hyperlinks and URLs via a web browser
Invented in 1989 by English physicist Tim Berners-Lee
Enables the spread of information over the internet through an easy-to-use and flexible format |
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Term
| Criteria for Evaluating Online Information |
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Definition
Trustworthiness - credentials of source, bias or sponsorship
Accuracy and comprehensiveness
Date(s) of issue/revision
Ease of navigation
Response time
Data security, viruses, malware, etc. (chapter 10) |
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Term
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Definition
Easy to use
Basically free
Supports file attachments
Web-based thin client (Hotmail) or thick client (MS Outlook)
Issues with managing revisions |
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Term
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Definition
aka discussion board, internet forum, bulletin board
Web-based software app
Information organized by topic (thread)
Registered members can post, anyone can view
Rules and policies govern content and postings
Some sites use moderators or administrators |
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Term
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Definition
Web-based software application
User-generated content
End result is a finished “product” rather than a discussion thread
Track history of changes and revisions
No approval needed to edit most wikis. Other users correct errors and control content |
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Term
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Definition
User interface that provides single point of access
Entry point to content/search/navigation
“Front-end’ for an intranet/extranet
Most have decentralized content management |
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Term
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Definition
| Private, secure network used by an organization to share information among employees |
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Term
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Definition
| Similar to intranet but with limited access for patients, affiliates, and suppliers |
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