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Myths
N/A
233
Classics
Undergraduate 2
01/22/2012

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Term
Define mythos
Definition
authoritative speech
Term
What is a myth?
Definition
traditional story with collective importance
Term
Define etiological
Definition
story of why things are
Term
Define Legend
Definition
what happened in the human past (heroes)
Term
Define classical
Definition
Greek and Roman
Term
What are the 6 time periods?
Definition
Early/ Middle Bronze Age; Late Bronze Age (Myocenean); Dark Age; Archaic Period; Classical Period; Hellenistic period
Term
In what period was the Trojan war?
Definition
Late Bronze Age
Term
What are the characteristics of the Early/Middle Bronze Age?
Definition
Minoan civilization (knossos); Bull art
Term
What are the characteristics of the Late Bronze Age?
Definition
Trojan war; Agamemnon; Linear B writing
Term
What was the only city NOT invaded during the Dark Ages?
Definition
Athens
Term
What are the highlights of the Archaic Period?
Definition
Rise of the Polis; Aristocrats; writing; Homer's Iliad and Odyssey; Hesiod (theogany); Achilles and Pentheileia; Theseus and the Minotaur
Term
What are the characteristics of the Classical Period?
Definition
Persian war; Drama (Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides); Philosophy (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle); Peloponesian War
Term
When did Apollonius write?
Definition
Hellenistic period
Term
When did Pinder write?
Definition
Classical period
Term
What is the title for "initiation rites"?
Definition
ephebe
Term
Define Kouros
Definition
the body beautiful (male)
Term
define symposium
Definition
all male drinking party
Term
Define parthenos
Definition
virgin
Term
What is the meaning of Eros?
Definition
sexual love
Term
What is the term for mother?
Definition
gyne
Term
What is a votive?
Definition
gift
Term
What is a libation?
Definition
offering of liquid
Term
What is the name of the Roman epic poem and its author?
Definition
"Aeneid"--vergil
Term
Who wrote the story of Daphne being turned into a tree?
Definition
Ovid
Term
What does Aether mean?
Definition
radiance
Term
What does Hemera mean?
Definition
day
Term
What is the name for "Sea"?
Definition
Pontus
Term
Who are the children of Gaea and Uranus(3)?
Definition
Titans; Cyclopes; Hecatonchires
Term
Who was the youngest Titan?
Definition
Cronus; father of Zeus
Term
Who's version of cosmology makes the Titans the "parents" of all the gods?
Definition
Homer
Term
Who was the moon?
Definition
Selene
Term
Who was the dawn?
Definition
eos
Term
Who was the father of the sun, moon, and dawn?
Definition
Hyperion
Term
Who was Phaethon?
Definition
the mortal son of Helius who nearly destroyed the world by driving the sun chariot; killed by Zeus
Term
Who did the moon fall in love with?
Definition
Endymion; eternal sleep to stay young
Term
Who did the dawn fall in love with?
Definition
Tithonus; lives forever but doesn't stay young
Term
Who were the children of Gaea and Pontus?
Definition
monsters and sea deities (Gorgons,chimera,cerebus)
Term
What is the Greek sphinx?
Definition
woman and lion combo
Term
What did the blood from castrated bring forth?
Definition
furies and giants; with sea foam= Aphrodite
Term
Who are the parents of the olympians?
Definition
Cronus and rhea
Term
What is the ompholos?
Definition
Navel; Zeus stone
Term
Who does Gaea mate with to have typhoeus?
Definition
Tartarus
Term
Who was the mother of Zeus' last child?
Definition
Metis; she bore Athena via Zeus' forehead
Term
What structure was named after Athena?
Definition
the Parthenon
Term
What are the four possible identities for the person who created humans?
Definition
Zeus; Zeus and the other gods; the chasm; Prometheus (2nd generation titan)
Term
What does prometheus mean?
Definition
Forelearner
Term
What does epimetheus mean?
Definition
after learner
Term
Who tells the story of Prometheus' creations?
Definition
Ovid
Term
According to Ovid, what were humans made of?
Definition
Earth and water
Term
What gifts does Prometheus give to humans?
Definition
math, astronomy, seafaring, writing, calendar, etc
Term
Where did Prometheus offer his sacrifice to Zeus?
Definition
Mecone
Term
How did Zeus punish Prometheus for stealing fire?
Definition
Tied him to a pillar near the Black sea where eagles would eat out his liver by day and it would grow back at night
Term
How did Zeus punish Prometheus for tricking him into receiving a poor sacrifice?
Definition
he took fire away from the trees
Term
How were the humans punished for taking the fire Prometheus had stolen?
Definition
Woman; Pandora
Term
How did Prometheus transport the fire he had stolen for the humans?
Definition
in fennel
Term
Why is Prometheus released from his place of punishment?
Definition
Because he knew the identity of the woman who would bear a child greater than Zeus; freed by Heracles
Term
Who wrote the story about Prometheus' freedom?
Definition
Aeschylus
Term
Who is the woman expected to bear the child greater than Zeus and how is that problem solved?
Definition
Thetis; Zeus marries her off to a mortal named Peleus and she bears Achilles by him
Term
Who accepts Pandora as a gift?
Definition
Epimetheus
Term
Why do humans suffer?
Definition
Because Pandora opened her jar and released all evil into the world
Term
What was the only thing left in Pandora's jar?
Definition
Hope
Term
What are the Five Races of Man?
Definition
Golden; Silver; Bronze; Heroic; Iron
Term
Who wrote the story of Pandora and the Five Races of Man?
Definition
Hesiod in Works and Days
Term
Who was the person that caused the Greek flood to happen and why?
Definition
Lycaon; because he fed human stew to a disguised Zeus to determine whether or not he was really a divine being in human form
Term
What was Lycaon's punishment for his treachery?
Definition
Zeus turned him into a wolf
Term
Who are the only 2 people to survive the flood and who advises them on how to reproduce?
Definition
Deucalion (Prometheus' son) and Pyrrha (Epimetheus' daughter); Themis--throwing rocks over their shoulders
Term
Who were the most important children Deucalion and Pyrrha produced the "normal" way?
Definition
Eponymous (heroes of Greeks) and Hellen[male] (creator of "Greeks")
Term
What are the other four floods that were written about?
Definition
Summerians; Akkadians; Babylonians; the one in Genesis
Term
Prometheus was the ___ of humans
Definition
protector
Term
What philosopher came up with the story of the creation of love?
Definition
Plato (Classical Pd)
Term
Define Anthropomorphism
Definition
Human-shape/like
Term
What is Ichor?
Definition
divine fluid (the blood of the gods)
Term
Define Ambrasia
Definition
the food of the gods
Term
What does Nymph mean?
Definition
young woman
Term
T/F:
Gods cannot be wounded or feel pain
Definition
False; they can but they can't be killed
Term
Define eponymous
Definition
giving one's name to something; eponym is the person whose name is used
Term
What is the Roman name for Zeus?
Definition
Jupiter
Term
What is another nickname for Zues (not roman)?
Definition
"Cloud-gatherer"
Term
What is Zeus' symbol of power?
Definition
aegis (goat skin); lightning bolts
Term
What are Zeus' animal representations?
Definition
Bull and eagle
Term
Zeus is guardian of _____
Definition
justice (dike)
Term
Zeus is the PROTECTOR of _____
Definition
Xenia: the institution of friendship/recipricol hospitality
Term
Who are the only people more powerful than Zeus?
Definition
the Fates
Term
What are Zeus' sacred places?
Definition
Olympia and Dodona
Term
Who is Hera?
Definition
the sister/wife of Zeus
Term
What is Hera's Roman name?
Definition
Juno
Term
What is Hera in charge of?
Definition
Marriage and women's fertility
Term
What is Hera's animal and why?
Definition
cow; called "cow-eyed" which is a high compliment
Term
What are Hera's sacred places?
Definition
Argos and Olympia
Term
How do you recognize Hera in art?
Definition
Woman pulling back a veil
Term
What does Heracles mean?
Definition
glory of Hera
Term
Who made Heracles famous?
Definition
Hera
Term
Who does Hera join in rebellion?
Definition
Athena and Poseidon
Term
Define Heraeum
Definition
temple of Hera
Term
Who are Zeus and Hera's children (4)?
Definition
Eileithya, Hebe, Ares, and Hephaestus (Hera had him alone; her and Zeus together?)
Term
Rain is symbolic for what?
Definition
semen
Term
What happens to Zeus during the Trojan war?
Definition
He is seduced by Hera
Term
Who are the "children of the night"?
Definition
Horae and Morae; mother is Themis
Term
Who are the parents of the Graces?
Definition
Euronyme (Oceanid) and Zeus
Term
Who are the other parents of Aphrodite?
Definition
Zeus and Dione
Term
With whom does Zeus mate to create the 9 muses?
Definition
Mnemosyne
Term
Who was the boy Zeus was in love with?
Definition
Ganymede
Term
Who is neptune?
Definition
Poseidon
Term
What is Poseidon's nickname?
Definition
"Earth-shaker"
Term
The Trident is who's weapon?
Definition
Poseidon
Term
Poseidon is the husband of _____ and the father of ____
Definition
Amphitrite; Triton
Term
What is Poseidon's animal?
Definition
horse
Term
Who did Poseidon battle with to become the god of Athens?
Definition
Athena
Term
What are the three products of Poseidon's affairs
Definition
the 1st horse (Demeter); Pegasus (Medusa); and cyclops
Term
What is another name for Hades?
Definition
Enricher
Term
What are the two Roman names for Hades?
Definition
Pluto and Dis
Term
Who does Hades abduct?
Definition
Persephonne
Term
What is Hades special "power"
Definition
invisibility from a cyclopes' helmet
Term
Apollo is the god of ____
Definition
Prophecy
Term
What is Apollo's nickname?
Definition
"Far Darter" because he is an archer
Term
Who are Apollo's parents?
Definition
Zeus and Leta (Titan)
Term
Where is Apollo's sacred place?
Definition
Delphi
Term
What "categories" is Apollo over?
Definition
Artistry pertaining to music; healing; prophecy;
Term
How do you recognize Apollo in art?
Definition
Lyre, raven, laurel, archer
Term
What are 2 other names for Apollo?
Definition
Delian and Delphina Apollo
Term
Where was Apollo born?
Definition
Delos
Term
Define phoebus and who its associated with
Definition
light of knowledge; Apollo
Term
What curse did Hera place upon Leto?
Definition
She couldn't give birth to Apollo anywhere that saw the light of day
Term
Once Apollo is born what does Hera do?
Definition
Sends Tityus (a giant) to rape Leto but it doesn't work out
Term
Who is the person that misleads Apollo?
Definition
The nymph Telphusa
Term
Where does the nymph send Apollo?
Definition
from Boeotia to Mt Parnassus; where a dragon lives
Term
What does Pytho mean?
Definition
I rot
Term
Who was originally the god of Delphi?
Definition
Gaea
Term
How does Apollo get his Oracular built?
Definition
He hops on a Cretan ship in the form of a dolphin and persuades them to come to Delphi promising riches
Term
What is special about Apollo's shrine at Delphi?
Definition
it was a place where people could go to be cleansed of blood guilt
Term
what animal was used in the cleansing of blood guilt?
Definition
the pig
Term
What is the name of Apollo's prophetess?
Definition
Pythia
Term
What did Apollo's prophetess sit on?
Definition
Tripod
Term
What is the story of King Croesus?
Definition
King who gave a silver bull to the Pythia who told him that if his army crossed the river a great kingdom would fall; he lost the battle
Term
Who did the Oracle call the wisest of men?
Definition
Socrates
Term
Who is the mortal Apollo fell in love with?
Definition
Cassandra
Term
Why did Apollo make Cassandra a prophet no one would believe?
Definition
because she said she would sleep with him but she didn't
Term
Who wanted to live as long as the number of grains of sand she had in her hand?
Definition
Sibyl of Cumae
Term
What lover of Apollo did the wind kill with a discus?
Definition
Hyacinth
Term
Which lover of Apollo cheated on him and who was their child?
Definition
Coronis; Asclepius (rep.:staff with snakes)
Term
Who is the god of health?
Definition
Hygea
Term
Who is Chiron?
Definition
The wise centaur that raised Asclepius
Term
How was the raven made?
Definition
Apollo shot the white bird that told him Coronis was a cheater and it turned black
Term
Where did the Pythia recite her prophecy?
Definition
in the adytum; the section of the temple "not to be entered"
Term
Who is the god of medicine?
Definition
Asclepius
Term
Who did Cupid shoot with an arrow so that she would be repulsed by Apollo?
Definition
Daphne
Term
What is Apollo's tree and why?
Definition
the Laurel; this is the tree Apollo's lover Daphne was turned into
Term
Define Hellenistic spirit
Definition
order against barbarism; reason against unreason
Term
Who is Vulcan?
Definition
Hephaestus
Term
Which of the gods is lame?
Definition
Hephaestus
Term
ID the god:
Blacksmith, creative fire and volcanoes, civilization and city life
Definition
Hephaestus
Term
Who is Hephaestus often linked with?
Definition
Athena
Term
Where did Hephaestus land when he was thrown off of Olympus?
Definition
Lemnos
Term
Who was the wife of Hephaestus?
Definition
Aphrodite
Term
Who were the assistants of Hephaestus?
Definition
cyclopes and mechanical women
Term
Who cut open the head of Zeus?
Definition
Hephaestus
Term
What was the reasoning behind Hephaestus being a worker?
Definition
He was a worker because he was lame
Term
How do you recognize Hephaestus in art?
Definition
carrying tools
Term
Who saved Hephaestus and taught him metal work?
Definition
Thetis and the Nereids
Term
Who got Hephaestus to release Hera from her chair?
Definition
Dionyces
Term
What is the roman name for Ares?
Definition
Mars
Term
Who is god of the negative parts of war (blood lust)?
Definition
Ares
Term
Who is associated with Thorace?
Definition
Ares
Term
Who are the children of Ares (4)?
Definition
Phobos (fear), Deimos (panic), Harmonia, Eros (cupid)
Term
Who is best known for their adultery with Aphrodite and who catches them in the act?
Definition
Ares; Helius and Hephaestus
Term
Who offered to pay for Ares' treachery?
Definition
Poseidon
Term
Who is one of the main gods in ROMAN society?
Definition
Ares
Term
What are the animals of Ares?
Definition
vulture and wolf
Term
Who is the Roman Mercury?
Definition
Hermes
Term
Whose animal is the ram?
Definition
Hermes
Term
Who is the other most complex god?
Definition
Hermes
Term
Who are the parents of Hermes?
Definition
Zeus and Maia (nymph)
Term
What is another name for Hermes(2)?
Definition
Argephontes (slayer of Argus) and Psychopompos (leader of souls to the underworld)
Term
Whose symbol is the Caduceus and why?
Definition
Hermes; to protect him from those who would prevent him from delivering a message
Term
How do you recognize Hermes in art?
Definition
Caduceus, winged shoes, traveler's hat
Term
What is the actual medical sign in greek; not the caduceus but the ______
Definition
Rod of Asclepius
Term
What were the name of the stones that marked boundaries and the safeness of a path?
Definition
Herm
Term
What is the story of Hermes called?
Definition
the Homeric Hymn to Hermes
Term
What are the inventions of Hermes and when did he make them?
Definition
lyre, sausage, special sandals, kindling fire using a bow drill; the day after he was born
Term
how did Hermes make the lyre?
Definition
by killing a turtle
Term
What is the conflict between aristocrats and men of industry called?
Definition
aristoi vs kakoi
Term
Who are the children of Hermes?
Definition
Autolycus (greatest liar and thief); grandson: clever Odysseus, Pan: horny and goat-like
Term
What is Pan associated with?
Definition
Arcadia; panic
Term
Who are the two loves of Pan?
Definition
Syrinx and Echo
Term
Who was the one that distracted Hera from watching Zeus and was punished by being unable to initiate conversation?
Definition
Echo
Term
Who was transformed into reeds (at request)to get away from Pan?
Definition
Syrinx; was used to make Pan pipe
Term
Who is Ceres?
Definition
Demeter
Term
Which of the female deities are the children of Cronus and Rhea?
Definition
Demeter and Hestia
Term
Who are the two people (women) connected with the Eleusinian Mysteries?
Definition
Demeter and Persephone
Term
how do you recognize Demeter in art?
Definition
carries Cornucopia
Term
Demeter is the goddess of what?
Definition
agricultural bounty
Term
Hestia is the goddess of what?
Definition
hearth, house, and central sacred fire of a city
Term
What is the Roman name for Hestia?
Definition
Vesta
Term
Hestia is a ___ goddess
Definition
virgin
Term
who is the eldest child of Cronus and Rhea?
Definition
Hestia
Term
Who were the servants of Hestia?
Definition
Vestal Virgins
Term
Which goddess stayed home and whose servants were buried alive if they broke their vow?
Definition
Hestia
Term
What is the Roman name for Aphrodite?
Definition
Venus
Term
Aphrodite is the goddess of what?
Definition
sexual love
Term
Who are the children of Aprodite?
Definition
with Ares= Eros (cupid)
with Hermes= Hermaphroditus
with Hermes/Dionyces= Priapus
with Anchises (mortal)= Aeneas
Term
T/F:
In Greek myth, cupid is a cute child
Definition
False; teenager
Term
What is the story of Hermaphroditus?
Definition
a nymph named Salmacis fell in love with him, wanted to be one, and they were joined together. Hence the term hermaphrodite
Term
Who is the god that weighs his penis in art?
Definition
Priapus
Term
Who are the three people immune to the powers of Aphrodite?
Definition
Hestia, Athena, and Artemis
Term
What was Zeus' punishment for Aphrodite's transgressions?
Definition
He made her fall in love with a human (Anchises) and have his child (Aeneas)
Term
What happens to the mortal Aphrodite had a child with?
Definition
He was struck by lightening and made lame because he told someone he slept with Aphrodite
Term
Who is the legendary founder of the Roman ppl?
Definition
Aeneas
Term
Who was the stone woman Aphrodite brought to life and who was her mate?
Definition
Galatea; Pygmalion King of Cyprus
Term
Who was the child of Galatea and Pygmalion?
Definition
Paphos
Term
Aphrodite was shown fully (or mostly) clothed until what time period?
Definition
Classical
Term
Identify:
Cinyras
Definition
descendant of Paphos who said her daughter Myrrha was more beautiful than Aphrodite
Term
What was the consequence of Myrrha's mother's mistake?
Definition
Aphrodite made Myrrha fall in love with her dad; he tried to kill her once he realized it was his daughter he'd been sleeping with; She was turned into a Myr tree
Term
Who was born from the Myrr tree?
Definition
Adonis
Term
What is the purpose of Myrr resin?
Definition
burned on Aphrodite's altar to clean it
Term
What is the Roman name for Artemis?
Definition
Diana
Term
What is the name for Artemis that means Mistress of Beasts?
Definition
Potnia Theron
Term
What is Artemis the goddess of?
Definition
Women in the wild time of life; hunting and wild things; small (baby) animals; virgin goddess of childbirth; death in childbirth
Term
The deer is whose animal?
Definition
Artemis
Term
ID: person with wings, holding animals, has a bow and arrow
Definition
Artemis
Term
Ephesus is the sacred place of who?
Definition
Artemis
Term
Which goddess kills in vengeance?
Definition
Artemis; Artemis the Killer
Term
Whose children did Artemis and Apollo murder and why?
Definition
Niobe of Thebes because she said she was a better mother than Leto
Term
Which goddess is associated with constellations?
Definition
Artemis
Term
What was the fate of Niobe?
Definition
She wept and turned to stone
Term
What is the story of Orion?
Definition
hunter son of Poseidon who could walk and water and was blinded by someone for raping their daughter
Term
How does Artemis kill Orion and why?
Definition
she puts a scorpion on his head for either trying to rape her or having an affair with Eos
Term
Who is the Theban prince who sees Artemis bathing in the woods; gets turned into a deer; and is killed by his own dogs?
Definition
Actaeon; Artemis throws water on him
Term
Whose Roman name is Minerva?
Definition
Athena
Term
What are Athena's nicknames?
Definition
Pallas and Glaukopis (owl-eyed)
Term
What is Athena the goddess of?
Definition
crafts and civilization, weaving, carpentry, war strategy, protecress of heroes
Term
How do you recognize Athena in art?
Definition
muscular virgin, helmet, owl, shield with a gorgon on it, snake, aegis, and a breastplate
Term
Who challenged Athena in weaving and what happened to her?
Definition
Arachne; she was doing very well, Athena knocker her in the face with a shovel; she tried to hand herself; Athena turns her into a spider
Term
What is Ovid's relation to Athena?
Definition
He's a Roman writer who tells the story of how Athena wove stories about mortals who challenged the gods
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