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| the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information |
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| the processing of information into the memory system-for example, by extracting meaning |
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| the retention of encoded information over time |
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| the process of getting information out of memory storage |
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| the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system |
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| activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten |
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| the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. includes knowledge, skills, and experiences |
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| a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory |
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| the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving |
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| unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings |
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| encoding that requires attention and conscious effort |
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| the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage |
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| the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study of practice |
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| our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list |
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Definition
| the encoding of picture images |
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Definition
| the encoding of sound, especially the sound of words |
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| the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words |
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Definition
| mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding |
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Definition
| memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices |
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| organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically |
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| a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second |
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| a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds |
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Term
| long-term potentiation LTP |
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Definition
| an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory |
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| a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event |
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