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Empiricism is the view that knowledge comes from experience and that science should rely on observation and experience. |
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Introduced by Edward Bradford Titchener, structuralism is the early school of psychology that used self-reflection (introspection) to examine the structural elements of the human mind. |
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| Introduced by William James, functionalism is the early school of psychology that emphasized how behavior and mental processes enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish. |
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Experimental psychology is the study of thinking and behavior using the experimental method |
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Behaviorism is the view that psychology should focus only on the scientific study of observable begaviors without reference to mental processes. |
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Humanistic Psychology is the historically significant perspective of psychology that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people |
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Cognitive Neuroscience is the study of how brain activity is linked with thought processes such as memory and perception |
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Psychology is the scientific study of begavior and mental processes |
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The nature-nuture issue is the controversy over the relative contributions that genes (nature) and experience (nurture) make to the development of psychological traits and begaviors |
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| Natural selection is the principle that those traits of a species that contribute to reproduction and survival are most likely to be passed on to succeeding generations. |
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| Psychologists analyze behavior and mental processes from differing complementary views, or levels of analysis. |
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| The biopsychosocial approach is an integrated perspective that focuses on biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis for a given behavior or mental process. |
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| Biological psychology studies the links between biological and psychological processes |
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| Evolutionary psychology uses principles of natural selection to study thinking and behavior. |
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| Psychodynamic psychology studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior and thinking |
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| Behavioral Psychology focuses on principles of learning in the scientific study of observable behavior |
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| Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. |
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Social-cultural psychology |
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| Social-cultural psychology is the study of how situations and culture influence thinking and behavior |
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| Psychometrics is the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits. |
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| Basic research is pure science that aims to increase psychology's scientific knowledge base rather than to solve practical problems |
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| Developmental Psychology studies physical, cognitive, and social change over the life span. |
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| Educational Psychology studies how psychological processes affect teaching and learning. |
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| Personality psychology is the study of a person's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. |
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| Applied research is scientific study that aims to solve practical problems |
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Industrial-organizational psychology |
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| Industrial-organizational psychology applies psychological concepts to optimizing human behavior in the workplace |
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| Human factors psychology is the study of how humans and machines interact. |
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| Counseling Psychology is the branch of psychology that helps people cope with challenges in their daily lives. |
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| Clinical psychology is the branch of psychology that helps perople cope with challenges in their daily lives. |
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| Psychiatry is the branch of medicine concerned with the physical diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. |
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| SQ3R is a study method consisting of five steps: survey, question, read, rehearse, and review. |
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