Term
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Definition
| unicellular, reproduce by budding |
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Term
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Definition
| filamentous, have Hyphae and mycelium |
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Term
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Definition
| Euk, absorptive, zygotic meiosis, unicellular, filementous, 5 divisions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
grows as mould at 25-30C (env or saprophytic phase)
grows as yeast at 35-37C (tissue or parasitic phase) |
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Term
| morphological types of fungi |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
no union ofn nuclei;
anamorphic state of fungi |
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Term
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Definition
two compatible nuclei followed by meiosis;
teleomorphic state of fungi |
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Term
|
Definition
| zygospores, ascospores, basidiospores |
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Term
| asexual spores; sporangiospores |
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Definition
sporangiospores - sac like structures
exclusively in zygomycetes |
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Term
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Definition
| all anamorphs to divisions other than zyomycota |
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Term
|
Definition
| distinguish candida albicans from other yeast |
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Term
| CHART ON P 3 THAT LOOKS HELPFUL |
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Definition
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Term
| Identification Techniques Yeast |
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Definition
germ tube
production of chlamydoconidia on corn meal
carb assimilation and ferm.
urease prod. |
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Term
| Identification Techniques Mould |
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Definition
microscopy stucture of sporulation;
tease mounts,
scotch tape,
slide culture DNA probes |
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Term
| Direct Examination of Fungi (6) |
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Definition
1. Gram stains
2. KOH (dermatophytes and yeasts)
3. India Ink (cryptococcus neoformans)
4. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS)
5. Gomori methenamine silver (GMS)
6. calcofluor (flourescent, binds to chitin) |
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Term
| Today, I had to re-take an hour long MRI scan because I got an erection midway through. |
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Definition
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Term
| superficial and cutaneous infections (2) |
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Definition
tinea versicolor
dermatophytosis (takes longer time to grow) |
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Term
|
Definition
skin to bone
sporotrichosis
chromoblastomycosis
mycetoma |
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Term
systemic mycoses
dimorphic (4)
geographic region important |
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Definition
histoplasma capsulatum
blastomyces dermatitidis
coccidioides immitis
paracoccidioides |
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Term
| systemic mycoses opportunistic (5) |
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Definition
candida albicans
cryptococcus neoformans
aspergillus fumigatus - eyes
Zygomyces
Penumocystis Jiroveci |
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Term
Resistance to phag. and modulation of host immune response
blastomyces dermatitidis |
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Definition
| shedding of WI 1 glycoprotein |
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Term
Resistance to phag. and modulation of host immune response
coccidioides immitis |
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Definition
| urease activity and extracellular protease |
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Term
Resistance to phag. and modulation of host immune response
histoplasma capsulatum |
|
Definition
| modulation of phagolysosome pH |
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Term
Resistance to phag. and modulation of host immune response
Cryptococcus neoformans |
|
Definition
| polysaccharide capsule and melanin production |
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Term
Virulence Factors
dermatophytes |
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Definition
| keratinase, so it likes skin |
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Term
Virulence Factors
Candida spp. |
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Definition
| adherence to mucosal surfaces |
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Term
| Pre-disposing factors for fungi risk (8) |
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Definition
1. immunosuppressive
2. broad-spectrum antibiotics
3. long term catheterization
4. radiation
5. diabetes mellitus
6. hypoparathyroidism
7. blood dyscrasias
8. neoplasm |
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Term
| Antifungal Therapy 5-Fluorocytosine (5FC) |
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Definition
inhibits nucleic acid (RNA) syn (cytosine antagonist)
resistance development common
combined with amphotericin B may cause bone marrow suppression |
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Term
| Antifungal Therapy Polyenes (amphotericin B, nystatin) |
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Definition
amphipathic macrolides that bind to ergosterol in cell membranes
disrupt membrane permeability
severe toxicity to host
lipid associated form show reduced toxicity |
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Term
| Antifungal Therapy Azoles |
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Definition
prevent ergosterol synthesis
inhibit cytochrome p450
disrupt membrane integrity |
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Term
| Antifungal Therapy Azoles First Generation |
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Definition
miconazole: topical treatment for dermatophytic and Candida
ketoconazole: first zole for parenteral use, Candida |
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Term
Antifungal Therapy Azoles second generation (4)
first non-toxic parenteral |
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Definition
fluconazole: candida spp. and crypto neo.;
alternate to amp. B for therapy and prophylaxis of crypo meningitis in AIDS, some resistance
itroconazole: broad spectrum, dimorphic, dermatophytes
voriconazole: good v. Aspergillus spp., Candida spp.
posaconazole and ravuconazole: new with broad spectrum |
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Term
Antifungal Therapy
Azoles
second generation (4)
fluconazole |
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Definition
| fluconazole: candida spp. and crypto neo.; alternate to amp. B for therapy and prophylaxis of crypo meningitis in AIDS, some resistance |
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Term
Antifungal Therapy
Azoles
second generation (4)
itroconazole |
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Definition
| itroconazole: broad spectrum, dimorphic, dermatophytes |
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Term
| Antifungal Therapy Azoles second generation (4) voriconazole |
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Definition
| voriconazole: Aspergillus and Candida |
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Term
| Antifungal Therapy Azoles second generation (4) posaconazole and ravuconazole |
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Definition
| posaconazole and ravuconazole: new with broad spectrum |
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Term
| Antifungal Therapy New Agents |
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Definition
Echinocandins: lepopeptides, inhibit syn. of component of cell walls.
Terbinafine (Lamisil): inhibits squalene epoxidase, essential enzyme for ergosterol syntheisis, topical or oral for derm infections |
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Term
| Approaches to fungal immunodiagnosis (5) |
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Definition
1. Detecting specific antibody response
2. Monitoring changes in antibody titers
3. Measuring critical antibody titers
4. Detecting specific fungal antigens in body fluids
5. skin testing |
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Term
Problems with fungal immunodiagnosis
Detection of serum antibody |
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Definition
lack of antibody production
appearance of antibodies late in disease presence of antibodies in non-infected individuals cross reactive anti assay dependent variables that impact titer measurement |
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Term
Problems with fungal immunodiagnosis
Detection of fungal antigens |
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Definition
distinguishing infection v clonization
antigens appear late in disease, few tests for antigens b.c of this
specificity of antigens and conservation within a species |
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Term
Problems with fungal immunodiagnosis
Skin tests |
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Definition
show infection, but do not distinguish of new or old
cross reactions with other fungi
false positives |
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