Imperfect form

The asexual stage of  fungi

Perfect form

The sexual stage of fungi

Homothallic refers to the spawn from a single thallus (body).

Heterothallic refers to the need for two self-sterile thalli to meet and form a spawn.

(stage of sexual reproduction)

Fusion of two protoplasts

(stage of sexual reproduction)

Fusion of two nuclei

(stage of sexual reproduction)

Reduction division

Mostly zoophilic.

Most infections caused my zoophilics.

Cats and dogs are the major reservoir.

Commonly produces Tinea Capitis (scalp) and Tinea Corporis (body).

When it invades the hair it is of the ectothrix type.

Telomorph (acsomycete) is called an arthroderma.

Geophilic.

Has two genetically distinct telomorphs.

Causes Tinea Corporis (body) and Tinea Capitis (scalp).

 Invasion of hair os of the ectothrix type (outer shaft).

Produces macroconidia in great numbers.

Rat-tail-like, thin filaments at the end of the macroconidia.

Smooth walle conidia -- differentiated from Microsporum (spindle like, bumpy conidia).

Club shaped macroconidia -- rare in anthropophilic spp.

All telomorphs belong to genus Arthroderma.

Two distincs forms (zoophilic and anthropophilic).

Causes white-spot onychomycoses.

Anamorph of more than one telomorph.

Zoophilics produce many microconidia.

T.m. var. mentagrophytes causes inflammatory lesions in Tinea Capitis of the ectothrix type. Also causes Tinea Corporis, Unguium (nails), and Barbae (beard/mustache).

Common in cosmopolitan areas (anthropophilic).

Most frequen cause of Tinea Cruris (crotch), Tinea Corporis, and Tinea Pedis (feet) worldwide.

Individuals can be life-time carriers.

Telomorph unknown.

Leading cause of Tinea Capitis in the U.S. (Endothrix).

Characteristic "black dot" with alopecia (hair loss).

Few macroconidia.

Abundant microconidia.

No reported telomorph.

Causes Favus (generally in the scalp) -- favus refers to honeycomb.

Favus is a pus bag formation, very smelly, and may lead to permanent hair loss -- can lead to hypertrophy of the skin and appears as brain like formations on the scalp.

Widespread in Eurasia and Africa.

Telomorph unknown.

Endothrix infections.

No macro- or microcinidia.

Forma a favis chandelier (antler like formations in culture).

Primarily causes Tinea Capitis.

Asia, Mexico, and South America.

Rare in U.S. and Canada.

Formations on the skin appear as concentric circles.

Deuteromycetes (no telomorphs found).

E. flocossum commonly causes Tinea Cruris.

No microconidia.

Found in cosmopolitan areas.

Mushrooms.

The basidiocars is the cap of the mushroom.

Basidium hang from underneath the carp and release basidiospores.

Hyphae have clamp connections from the formation of binucleated hyphal cells.

Candidiasis

Aspergillosis

Cryptococcal meningitis

Fusarium

Penecilium marneffei

Malsezia furfur

Exophiala wernechii

Trichosporon beiglii

Piedraia hortae

Aspergillus spp.

Lipophilic.

Normal Flora.

Associations with sweating.

Distribution Wordlwide.

Phialidic budding.

Dermatophyte infection initiation.

minor traumatic skin lesions contact dermatophyte hyphae.

Multifactorial -- fatty acids, immunosuppression, moisture, etc.

Malasezia furfur -- Tinea Versicolor

Trichosporon beigelii -- White Piedra

Piedraia hortae -- Black Piedra

Exophiala werneckii -- Tinea Nigra

Aspergillus spp. -- Otomycoses

Microsporum audouinii -- Tinea Capitis (ectothix)

Trichophyton tonsurans -- Tinea Capitis (endothrix)

Trichophyton violaceum -- Tinea Capitis (endothrix), Tinea Cruris

Trichophyton shoenleinii -- Tinea Capitis (endothrix)

Epidermophyton floccosum -- Tinea Pedis, Tina Corporis, Tinea Cruris

Trichophyton mentagrophytes -- Tinea Pedis, Tinea Capitis (ectothrix), Tinea Barbae, Tinea Cruris, Tinea Unguium

Trychophyton rubrum -- Tinea Pedis, Tinea Cruris, Tinea Unguium

Microsporum canis -- Tinea Capitis (ectothrix)

Trichophyton ferrugineum -- Tinea Capitis, Tinea Cruris

Trichophyton verrucosum -- Tinea Barbae

A form of Tinea Corporis

Caused by Ttichophyton concentricum -- skin formations forming concentric circles.

Mycetismus -- mushroom poisoning (from performed toxins)

Mycotoxicosis -- acquired from eating foods contaminated with fungi.