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10th Grade
02/24/2014

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Term
A meeting of Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria after the defeat of Napoleon. The leaders were celebrating victory, but also trying to re-draw maps of Europe.
Definition
what was the congress of vienna
Term
austria
Definition
in which country is vienna
Term
Czar Alexander I for Russia, Frederick William III for Prussia, and Francis I of Austria.
Definition
which world leaders attended the congress of vienna
Term
who was metternich
Definition
german prince who was austrias foreign minister for 39 years
Term
what was metternichs plan for conference
Definition
a. strengthen countries surrounding France (to make a fence to keep France contained).
b. restore a balance of power in Europe so that no one country would be too powerful.
c. restore European monarchs to their thrones.
Term
where his plans accepted
Definition
yes
Term
how was the encirlcement of france achieved?(fence around france)
Definition
Austrian and Dutch Netherlands were combined into one country.

39 German states united in the German Confederation.

Switzerland was recognized as an independent and neutral country.

Kingdom of Sardinia was given Piedmont and Genoa.
Term
how was the balance of power in england maintained?
Definition
France had to give back all land taken by Napoleon, but kept its Pre-Revolution boundaries.

Austria got Venetia and Lombardy (in Italy)

Russia got most of Poland.
Prussia got the Rhine Valley in western Germany
Britain won many overseas colonies
Term
whats is legitimacy?
Definition
belief that deposed monarchs should be restored to their throne
Term
what two factors made the conference a sucess?
Definition
Because France was not punished too severely.

Because all the winners got something they wanted.
Term
what was the next time they all got back in a war?
Definition
1914 world war 1
Term
what is nationalism
Definition
belief that a persons loyalty should to their national state
Term
How many nation-states were in Europe at the time of Napoleon’s defeat in 1815?
Definition
france and spain
Term
Which European nation was the first to gain its independence using nationalist ideals?
Definition
greece
Term
Who was Giuseppe Mazzini?
Definition
Nationalist leader (and Romantic) from Italy who founded Young Italy.
Term
How did Metternich stop nationalism from spreading in Austria and the German states?
Definition
He censored newspapers, but also arrested nationalist leaders.
Term
What was Romanticism? – definition and 4 major characteristics
Definition
Romanticism was a reaction against Enlightenment Ideals.
The four characteristics are:

1. Heavy emphasis on emotion and passion over thinking.
2. Emphasis on the individual instead of society.
3. Celebration of nature’s beauty.
4. Glorification of the past.
Term
Name at least one Romantic musical composer.
Definition
Beethoven, Schumann, Mendelssohn
Term
Name at least one Romantic painter.
Definition
Eugene Delacroix
Joseph Turner
Term
What was conservatism?
Definition
Political movement that believed in protecting existing forms of government, especially monarchies.
Term
Who favored conservatism?
Definition
Kings, nobles, wealthy landowners
Term
What was liberalism
Definition
Political belief that monarchs should share power with an elected legislature, or Parliament.
Term
Who favored liberalism
Definition
Bourgeoisie (middle-class), the educated, merchants
Term
What was radicalism?
Definition
Belief that change in government should be drastic and possibly violent.
Term
Who favored radicalism?
Definition
The working classes like the sans-culottes in France.
Term
Which two European countries dominated Italy before 1850?
Definition
austria and spain
Term
In which year did Mazzini briefly become president of an Italian republic?
Definition
1848
Term
Which kingdom gave Italians leadership in their efforts to unite as one country?
Definition
sardinia
Term
Why was this kingdom the one Italians wanted to lead them
Definition
because it was the only italian kingndom ruled by italians
Term
30. Who was Count Camillo di Cavour?
Definition
prime minister of sardinia
Term
31. What did Cavour believe was necessary for Italian unification?
Definition
Careful diplomatic alliances and strategic planning
Term
32. Part one of Cavour’s plan involved an alliance with which country to defeat Austria?
Definition
france
Term
33. Why would no one help Napoleon III when he felt like Cavour “double-crossed” (cheated) him?
Definition
Because Cavour had done nothing to provoke other European powers. Basically all the European powers were friendly with Sardinia.
Term
34. Who helped Cavour unite the southern part of Italy?
Definition
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Term
35. What color shirt did this leader and his followers wear
Definition
red
Term
36. Who was the first King of Italy?
Definition
victor emmanual 2
Term
what kind of government does italy have?
Definition
Constitutional Monarchy
Term
how many states where in the german confederation
Definition
39
Term
what two nations led the confederation
Definition
austria and prussia
Term
40. Why did Austria decline as a European power after 1830?
Definition
Because it was a large state and difficult to manage.

Because it had many non-German citizens who wanted independence

Because it had less industrial development than other nations in Europe.
Term
41. Why did Prussia rise as a European power after 1830?
Definition
Because its people were almost 100% Germans; because it had a strong trading base called the Zollverein; because it had a strong railroad network for transportation
Term
42. What was the Zollverein?
Definition
A free-trade zone established by Prussia with several other German states. Inside the Zollverein there were no tariffs.
Term
43. Who was Otto von Bismarck?
Definition
Prime Minister of Prussia and later of the German Empire. He was responsible for the unification of Germany.
Term
44. Which country did Bismarck attack first in his plan to unify Germany?
Definition
denmark
Term
45. Why was the Seven Weeks’ War between Prussia and Austria so short?
Definition
Because Prussia had superior transportation, training, and equipment for its army.
Term
46. What concession (favor, or thing) did Austria grant (give) the Hungarians after the Seven Weeks’ War?
Definition
independence from austria
Term
what is dual monarchy?
Definition
Austria and Hungary were two countries, but had the same Emperor for both.
Term
48. What was the major difference between the northern states of Germany and the southern states?
Definition
The northern states were Protestant.

The southern states were mostly Catholic.
Term
49. How did Bismarck get the southern states to join Prussia
Definition
By triggering a war with France – the Germans would unify to defeat the outside threat.
Term
50. Who did the Spanish ask to take the place of Isabella II?
Definition
A Hohenzollern (Prussian) Prince
Term
51. Why did having a Prussian as King of Spain bother Napoleon III?
Definition
Because he didn’t want to be surrounded with countries controlled by the Hohenzollern family.
Term
52. How did Bismarck provoke the war with France?
Definition
He said that the French ambassador had insulted the Prussian King.
Term
53. What did France lose in the war?
Definition
Alsace-Lorraine; they were also forced to pay reparations.
Term
54. Who became the first Kaiser of Germany?
Definition
william 1
Term
55. What does Kaiser mean?
Definition
emperor
Term
56. What did the Kaiser call his country?
Definition
the second reich
Term
57. If the new Germany was the Second Reich, then what was the First Reich?
Definition
the holy roman empire
Term
58. By 1870 what were the only two countries to produce more manufactured goods than Germany?
Definition
u.s and britian
Term
59. What were the two major effects of the Reform Bill of 1832 in Britain?
Definition
Redrew the districts for electing ministers of parliament (MPs).

Allowed middle-class men to vote for the first time.
Term
60. Shortly after the Reform Bill passed, which group of men also received the right to vote in Britain
Definition
catholics
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