Boston patriot who opposed British taxation in the colonies and beliebved tha the colonial government was capable of self-rule without intrusionby the Brtish monarchy. Adams established the Comittees of Correspondence and was a leader in organized opposition to the Stamp Act, protests waged by the Sons of Liberty, and Boston Masscare. He participated in the Continental Congress and supported the Constitution subject to addition of the Bill of Rights.

*From South Carolina

* 1828, led fight against protective tarrifs which hurt the south economically

* Created the Doctrine of Nulllification which said the state could decide whether a law was constitutional later know as the Nullification Crisis

* Known as Great Compromiser

* Helped create Missouri Compromise and Compromise of 1850 which outlawed slavery from the north of Missouri's south border

* Helped end the Nullification Crisis by suggesting to lower the tarrifs

* leading the African American abolonist during 1800s

* Former Slave

* Famous speaker and writer

* Valued advisor of Lincoln during the Civil War

* Philadelphia Patriot

* Scientist

* Artist created the Join or Die picture

* Served in the Continental Congress

* Helped write the Declaration of Independence and   Constitution

* Negotiated a treaty with France after Saratoga

* Led Union victory over Confederates in the Civil War

* 18th president, 1868

* Revolutionary War Vetern

* authored some Federalist Papers

* Secertary of Treasury under Washington

* Federalist party leader

* Free enterprise system became American economy based

* devised a financial system ehich stabilized the national economy after the American Revolution and restrutured national debt so it is functioned as a political asser rather than lability

* Patriot from Virginia

* Strong supporter of the Colonial Army

* Influential in getting support for the Patriot cause from Virgina 

*Said," Is life so dear or peace so sweet as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death."

*Opposed ratification due to potential limits to the state rights

* Writer of Declaration of Independence

* Secretary of State under Washington

* Vice President under John Adams

* 3rd president

* Made Louisiana Purchase

* Democratic Republican Party was founded on his ideas

*7th president

*Hero of Battle of New Orleans (War of 1812)

*Began new style of American politics(Jacksonian Democracy) formed basis of Democratic Party

* Ordered Trail of Tears

* Supported power to national government

* Appointed commander of the Confederate army in 1862 during the Civil War

* Despite his skill, he was forced to surrender to Ulyssess S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, VA in 1865

* 16th president

* 1st Republican President

* President during the Civil War

* Delivered very famous speeches like Gettysburg address

* Passed Emancipation Proclamation

* Participated in Continental Congress

* considered the father of the constitution

* One of the 3 authors of the Federalist Papers

* author of Bill of Rights

* Father of public education

*Believed all childern had the right to free education

* One of the most influential Supreme Court justices

* Helped establish the idea of judical review which made the Supreme Court the powerful institution that it is today

* 5th president

* From Virginia 

* Wrote Monroe Doctrine very imortant in American foreign politics

* Warned Europe not to interfere with any nation in the Americas (Western Hemisphere)

* Wrote Common Sense and The Crisis

* Urged Americans to support the Patriot cause during the American Revolution

* Author of Declaration of the Rights of Women

* Spent her life seeking equal rights for women

* She and Lucretia Mott organized the first Women's rights convention at Seneca Falls, NY

*former slave who fought for women's rights and abolition

* Former slave conductor of the Underground Railroad (which helped slaves escape to Canda)

George Washington

* Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army

*President of Constitutional Convention

* 1st president

* helped create a strong central government

* Representative and senator in the U.S congress

* Known for debates against Hayne and Calhoun on topics about states rights and nullification

* Supported Compromise of 1850 to preserve the Union

*wife of John Adams

* Known for stance on women's rightd in letters to her husband

* abilities as farm and financial manager

* 2nd president

* Representative in 1st and 3nd Continental Congresses

* debated ratification of the Constitution

* Ambassador to England

* Served 8 years as vice president to Washington before his election as president

* Aliens and Sedition Acts & XYZ Affair during his presidency 

* Educated African American 

* Patriot leader

* Messenger for the Commitee of Safety and undertook the same task as Paul Revere, making an all night ride to warn citizens of imminent British invasion

* Patriot writer that supported independence and convinced the others ub massachussets to become Patriots

* 1st woman historian of the American Revolution

* Only woman to publish books, plays, and poetry

* African American spy during the American Revolution

* Served under General Lafayette

* Acted as a slave in Lord Cornwallis' camp

* Helped defeat the British at the surrender at Yorktown

* Spainard who sealed off the port of New Orleans so that the British could not utilize the Mississippi River, but allowed Americans access

* 1777, more than $70,000 had reached American troops

* 1st to die in the Revolution of Boston Massacre

* Was an escaped slave of African and Native American descent

* Polish-bown Jewish immigrant to the Americans

* Was arrested by British as a spy in 1776

* Was pardoned and used by the British as an interpreter with their German troops

* Helped prisoners of the British escape and encouraged the German soldiers to desert

* French aristocrat who played a leading role in the American and French Revolutions and ruled Paris after the French Revolution

* Respected the concepts of liberty and freedom and constitutional government

* Between 1776 and 1779 fought in the American Revolution, commanding forces as a major- general in the colonial army

* 6th president

* Member of the Congress

and favored strong nationalism against states' rights and opposed the pro-slavery messages of John C. Calhoun

* Argued before the Supreme Court for slaves from the ship Amstiad, which multinied during the journey from Africa

* representative and senator from New Hampshire and then Massachusetts in the U.S Congress

* served twice as a secretary of state and negotiated the Webster-Ashburton un 1842, which resolved border dispute with Canada

* was noted for his speaking ability and commitment to perserving the union states

* 1st African American to be awarded a Medal of Honor while serving with the 54th Massachusetts Regiment during the Civil War

* Held the flag at Fort Wagner

* Navy seaman who was awarded a Medal of Honor for his valor in the Battle for Fort Fisher of the American Civil War

*American clergyman and educator who became the first black citizen to be elected in the U.S Senate (1870-1871)during Reconstruction

* Performed Competently in office, advocating desegregation in schools and on the railroads

* From Virgina

* Writings influenced the new government

* Believed in restricting the governments powers and supported the rights of human rights

* Delegate at the Constitutional Convention, where he delivered 139 important speeche, but refused to sign the Constitution until the Bill of Rights were added

* Founder of the State of Conneticut 

* "Father of American Democracy"

* Conneticut adopted the Fundamental Orders sometimes called the first written constitution

*French political and social philosipher who defined the principle of speration of powers, calling for a system of checks and balances in a government

* Idead influenced the founding fathers, notably Thomas Jefferson

* writings on the nature of government influenced the founding fathers of the U.S

* English Philosopher who political theories were best summarized in his doctrine of natural rights: life, liberty, and property

* Governments develop at the consent of the governed and can be dissolved if the citizens believe that their government fails to act in their best interests

William Blackstone

*British jurist, who gave the 1st university on English Common Law

* His Commentaries on the Laws became the basis of university legal education in England and North America

* established Pennsylvania as a refuge for Quakers and a place where they could create s government based on their own standards  

* aggressively advertised his land grant and attempted to treat Native Americans and squatters from other colonies residing in the grant fairly

* supported freedom of worship, welcomed immigrants, and did not require residents to serve in the milita

* American essayist, poet, practical philosopher, and transcendentalist
* Most influential essay was "Civil Disobedience"(passive resistance)
* Supported abolitionism, lecturing, and writing against slavery

* his writings became the basis for Mahatma Ghandi and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

*

* founder of U.S Army

* was daring and volatile and led raids on British vessels, during the American Revolution

* Commander of Bonhomme Richard and was famous for exclaiming, " I have not yet began to fight." when his ship was sinking

* Won the battle

* Graduate of U.S Military Academy at West Point, recognized as a hero in the Mexican War

* Brigadier General at the 1st Battle of the Bull Run where he got his nickname

* Leader of the women's suffarage movement for 50 years to effort to attain equal rights for women

* Painter of birds anf other wildlife

* Began birds of America in 1820, which contained life-size color prints of 489 species and remains the most comprehensive presentation of birds in America

Plymouth founded, pilgrams signed Mayflower Compact for a self governed government

Declaration of Independence signed and adopted. Written by Thomas Jefferson and listed charges against Britain and declared independence from Britain and name themselves U.S.A

Lousiana Purchase, Thomas Jefferson bought land from France for $15 million

wanted the Constitution ratified as it was originally written(Alexander Hamilton, Madison, and Adams)

would not sign the Constitution until the Bill of Rights were added (Jefferson, Sam Adams, Mason, and Henry)

wanted strong federal(central) government; higher taxes;government support industry(Hamilton& J.Adams)

*strong state government

* lower taxes

* support farmers

* JEFFERSON AND MADISON

*Modern Democratic party began with election of 1828 Andrew Jackson became the first Democrat when the Democratic Republican split

* Opposed the Jackson's policies and supported states' rights and Henry Clay's American Systems

*Leaders wew Daniel Webster, Henry CLay

*Presidents of party W.H Harrison and John Tyler

*Formed before the Civil War as an anti-slavery party

*Abraham Lincoln was the first Republican President

*Republicans temporarily dominated the U.S after the Civil War

*judical review established

* Supreme court can say if law unconstitutional

* the Cherokee Nation sued the state of Georgia to keep their lands and Cherokee won, but were forced to leaved by Jackson anyway

*Federal commerce clause outranked a state law that had granted a monoply, granting more federal power

* the federal government had powers over the state government

* denied slaves any rights of citix=zenship

* First shots of Revolution

*Lexington and Concord 

* Manifest Destiny

* Texas Annexation

*Border disputes

Effects:

-mexican cession

-california,new mexico, nevada, arizona, colorado,etc.

Battle of Antietam

Bloodiest Battle

Emancipation Proclomation