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Muslim Cultures Final
Terms to Know for Final
43
Anthropology
Undergraduate 3
12/19/2011

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Term
Ijtihad
Definition
the ability to determine for oneself and practice Islamic law
Term
Ayatollah
Definition
The highest ranking title for a religious scholar of Islam
Term
Jihad
Definition
struggle (either personal or via war) to find the truth in religion
Term
Mujtahid
Definition
a muslim jurist who is qualified to interperet Islamic law and create a Ijtihad
Term
“Islamic veiling” in Iran
Definition
imposed by the Islamic Revolutionanry govt
Term
Shari'a
Definition
Islamic law
Term
Hadith
Definition
The sayings and deeds of the prophet Muhammad, collected after his death
Term
Ummah
Definition
The global community of believers
Term
Hijra
Definition
journey of the prophet and his followers from mecca to medina during the time of their persecution in 622
Term
Hijab
Definition
Veil associated with Muslim women
Term
Endogamy
Definition
the practice of marrying within one’s own religion/social class/ethnic group
Term
Ijma’
Definition
The consensus of the Muslim community
Term
Imam
Definition
The worship leader at a mosque
Term
Sultan
Definition
a king or sovereign of a muslim state
Term
Nikah
Definition
a marriage in Islam that is for a fixed term
Term
Mahr
Definition
Brideprice groom pays
Term
Harem
Definition
place devoted to housing of women
Term
Quran
Definition
Religious text of Islam
Term
Sura
Definition
chapter of quran
Term
Ayah
Definition
verse of quran
Term
Tafsir
Definition
interpretation or commentary of Quran
Term
Khalifa
Definition
an Islamic state that is governed by a Caliph
Term
Kaaba
Definition
cube in mecca which people encircle on the last part of the hajj
Term
Nafs
Definition
the self
Term
Jahliyya
Definition
the state of ignorance before the Quran/ Mohammed’s revelations
Term
Zakat
Definition
one of the 5 pillars of islam where you give away 1/5 of your wealth-help less fortunate
Term
Salat
Definition
5 daily prayers
Term
Siyam
Definition
fasting during Ramadan
Term
Hajj
Definition
pilgrimmage to Mecca
Term
Shahada
Definition
declaration of belief in the oneness of God and the prophethood of Muhammad
Term
Hadith
Definition
sayings of the prophet Muhammad
Term
Qibla
Definition
direction that muslims should face when praying (the direction of mecca)
Term
Ali
Definition
elected to the position of caliph after mohammed’s death. Those who believe he is the rightful heir to Mohemmed are Shia muslims. He is also very important to Sufism.
Term
Ulama
Definition
religious scholar
Term
Hussain
Definition
Son of Ibn Ali
Term
Sufism
Definition
mystical branch of Islam
Term
Mysticism
Definition
spiritual Islam rather than scriptural
Term
Umar
Definition
the 2nd rightly guided caliph according to the sunni tradition. He was the second caliph after the death of Mohammed.
Term
Uthman (Osman)
Definition
3rd rightly guided caliph
Term
Abu Bakr
Definition
the 1st rightly guided caliph. His daughter was mohammed’s wife. Voted in.
Term
Khanqah
Definition
a building specifically designed for the meeting of the Sufi bortherhood
Term
Shaykha (sheik)
Definition
The leader of a tribe of islam particularly Sufism.
Term
Dhikr
Definition
the chanting or repition of names of god in sufi tradition
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