biceps brachii

O long head: supraglenoid tubercle

O short head: coracoid process of scapula

I: radial tuberosity, fascia of forearm

A: supination of forearm; synergist in flexion of forearm; weak flexion of arm

triceps brachii

O long head: infraglenoid tubercle

O lateral head: posterior surface of proximal humerus

O medial head: posterior surface of entire humerus

I: olecranon process (top of semilunar notch) of ulna, fascia of forearm

A: extension of forearm; weak extension of arm (long head)

coracobrachialis

O: coracoid process of scapula

I: medial aspect of humeral shaft

A: adduction, flexion, and medial rotation of arm

brachialis

O: anterior surface of distal half of humerus

I: coronoid process (bottom of semilunar notch) and tuberosity of ulna

A: flexion of the forearm (prime mover)

brachioradialis

supinator

pronator teres

pronator quadratus

flexor digitorum superficialis

O: medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, coronoid process of ulna, superior half of radius

I: middle phalanges II-V      

A: flexion of wrist, MC-PH, and IP joints

flexor digitorum profundus

O: proximal three-quarters of ulna, coronoid process of ulna, interosseous membrane

I: distal phalanges II-V

A: flexion of hand at wrist and digits II-V at MCP and IP joints

flexor carpi ulnaris

O: medial epicondyle of humerus, medial margin of olecranon process and posterior surface of ulna

I: pisiform, hamate, MC V

A: flexion of hand at wrist; aids in ulnar flexion

palmaris longus

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

I: flexor retinaculum (carpal tunnel), palmar aponeurosis

A: anchors skin and fascia of palmar region (variable)

flexor carpi radialis

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

I: base of MC II-III

A: flexion of hand at wrist; aids in radial flexion

flexor pollicis longus

O: radius, interosseous membrane

I: distal phalanx I

A: flexion of phalanges I

extensor carpi ulnaris

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior surface of ulnar shaft

I: base of MC V

A: extension and adduction of hand at wrist; aids in ulnar flexion

extensor digiti minimi

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: proximal phalanx V

A: extension of hand at wrist and all joints of digit 5

extensor digitorum 

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: dorsal surfaces of phalanges II-V

A: extension of digits II-V at MCP and IP joints; assists in extension of hand at wrist joint

extensor indicis

O: posterior surface of ulna, interosseous membrane

I: middle and distal phalanges of digit II

A: extension of hand and digit II

extensor carpi radialis longus

O: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

I: base of MC II

A: extension of hand at wrist; aids in radial flexion

extensor carpi radialis brevis

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: base of MC III

A: extension of hand at wrist; aids in radial flexion

abductor pollicis longus

O: posterior surfaces of radius and ulna, interosseous membrane

I: trapezium, base of MC I

A: abduction and extension of digit I

extensor pollicis longus

O: posterior surface of ulna, interosseous membrane

I: distal phalanx I

A: extension of distal phalanx I; aids in extension of proximal phalanx I

lumbricals

O: tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

I: proximal phalanges II-V

A: flexion at MCP joints and extension at IP joints

palmar interossei

O: MC I, II, IV, V

I: proximal phalanges II, IV, V

A: adduction of digits

dorsal interossei

O: MC I-V (each attaches to adjacent sides of two MC)

I: proximal phalanges II-IV

A: abduction of digits

extensor pollicis brevis

O: shaft of radius

I: proximal phalanx I

A: extension of MC I and proximal phalanx I

flexor pollicis brevis

O: flexor retinaculum and trapezium

I: radial side of proximal phalanx of thumb

A: flex proximal phalanx

abductor pollicis brevis

O: flexor retinaculum & tubercle of trapezium & scaphoid

I: radial side of proximal phalanx of thumb

A: abduction and opposition of thumb

opponens pollicis

O: flexor retinaculum & trapezium

I: anterior portion of MC1 on radial side

A: opposition

adductor pollicis

O oblique: anterior surface of MC 2 and 3, capitate, trapezoid

O transverse: MC 3

I: base of proximal phalanx of thumb

A: flexion & adduction of thumb

flexor digiti minimi brevis

O: flexor retinaculum & hook of hamate

I: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of digit 5

A: flexion at MCP joint

abductor digiti minimi

O: pisiform and tendon for FCU

I: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of digit 5

A: abduction of digit 5

opponens digiti minimi

O: anterior surface of flexor retinaculum & hook of hamate

I: medial border MC 5

A: rotate MC 5 & assist in flexion of digit 5 at MCP joint