Term
Imaging technique of Musculoskeleltal system
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Definition
- Plain film (x-ray): need atleast 2 view, orthogonal (90 degree) to each other.
- CAT scan: construct 3D imaging.
- MRI: TE(time to echo), TR (time to repetition), T1(time to gain magnetism-water is black, fat is bright), T2( time to lose magnetism, water is white, fat is black)
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Term
| Classification of fractures |
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Definition
- complete
- Incomplete: torus, greenstick, bowing (usually happen in peds)
- Avulsion: due to distractive forces at site of muscle, tendon and ligament attachment to bone.
- Stress: due to repetitive bone trauma
- Insufficency: weakened but normal bone with minimal trauma.
- Pathological:fracture of diseased bone
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Term
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Definition
- oblique
- transverse
- spiral
- simple fragmentation: 2 pieces
- comminuted fragmentation: >3 pieces
- Closed fragment: no bone exposure to the environ
- Opened fragment: bone exposed to the environ
- Location of fracture: Intra-articular (into joint), Extra-articular (out of joint)
- Displacement and angulation: refer to distal fragment with respect to proximal fragment. non displaced often called "hair-line" fracture.
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Term
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Definition
| Torus incomplete fracture: also called Buckle. compressed bones. |
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Term
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Definition
| GreenStick incomplete fracture |
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Term
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Definition
| Bowing incomplete fracture |
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Term
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Definition
| Comminuted and segmental / multiple fracture |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Salter-Harris classification: important for treatment and preducting outcome
- Normal: epiphysis (E), epiphyseal plate (EP), metaphysis (M)
- 1: fracture through cartilage (EP). may or maynot displace (hairline)
- 2: facture through EP and a piece of M.
- 3: fracture through EP and broke Epiphysis joint.
- 4: fracture through E joint, crossed EP, and broke a piece of M. Bone may repair on one side--> curvature.
- 5: EP is compressed by E and M.
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Term
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Definition
| Salter-Harris I: fracture through epiphyseal plate |
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Term
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Definition
| Salter-Harris II: fracture through portion of epiphyseal plate with metaphyseal extension |
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Term
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Definition
| Salter-Harris III: fracture through a portion of epiphyseal plate into epiphysis |
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Term
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Definition
| Salter-Harris IV: fracture through metaphysis, crossing the epiphyseal plate and fracturing epiphysis. (can form asymetrical growth--> curvature) |
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Term
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Definition
| Salter-Harris V: Crush injury to the epiphyseal plate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sclerotic rim: well circumscribed geographic pattern of a benign bone lesion. Scelerotic rim signifies a 95% benignancy meaning that bone has given sufficient time to react. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cortical expansive: well-demarcated zone of bone destruction. lack sclerotic rim. show expansile growth in portion of bone. This may be seen in locally aggressive tumr that is low grade malignancies lesions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Moth-eaten pattern/permeative pattern: ill defined zone of multiple small radiolucencies that may coalesce. Hard to see on plain film. it is indicative of medullary and cortical zone destruction. High grade malignant neoplasm--> ostomyelitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Another picture of moth-eaten/permeative, (last one) |
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Term
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Definition
| I lied, here is one more "Moth-eaten"/ permeative pattern aggressive bone lesion |
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Term
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Definition
Periosteal reactions to lession growth
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Term
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Definition
| SOLID: (buttress)- slow growing tumors provoke focal cortical thickening |
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Term
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Definition
| LAMELLATED :onion pattern |
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Term
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Definition
| Codman's triangle: seen in maliganant bone tumor form by periosteum pushes outward by newly lamellated bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Spiculated "hair on end" sunburst pattern response to rapid growing lesion |
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Term
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Definition
| avultion fraction of the right thumb |
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Term
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Definition
| adult with large expensile lesion of distal portion of the radius. Cortex is not broken through. This is a local benign aggressive tumor. |
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