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| The number of complete vibrations or cycles occurring per uinit of time in a vibrating system such as a string or column of air. |
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| The perceived quality of sound that is chiefly a function of its fundamental frequency- the number of oscillations per second of the sounding objects or of the particles of air excited by it. |
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| The maximum extent of a vibration of oscillation, measured from the position of equilibrium. |
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| A unit of measurement of the difference in intensity of two sounds. One decibel is appx. the minimum difference in intensity that the ear can detect. |
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| Tone color; the character or quality of a musical sound or voice as distinct from its pitch or intensity. |
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| The natural resonance or vibration frequency of a system. When the system is excited, as number of sound frequencies may be produced. |
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| An exact integer multiple of a fundamental frequency. |
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| Those intervals that are treated as stable and not requiring a resolution; Unisions, octaves, thirds, fourths, fifths, sixths. |
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| Those intervals regarded as having an instability that requires a resolution to a consonance; seconds, sevenths, anything diminshed or augmented. |
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| The speed at which music is performed. It is not always constant. |
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A recurring pattern of strong and weak beats; simple vs compound;
Additive meter is a pattern of beats that subdivide into smaller irregular groups (Flamenco is 3+3+2+2+2) |
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| Each occurrence of a meter. |
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| The sign at the beginning of a composition to indicate its meter. |
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| A momentary contradiction of the prevailing meter or pulse. |
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| General time aspect of music. |
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Arranges a fixed pattern of pitches with a repeating rhythmic pattern.
*I'm not really sure I understand this. |
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| The ratio 3:2; the ratio of the lengths of two strings that together sound a perfect fifth. |
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| 1/100 of a semitone. There are 1,200 in each octave. |
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| Any musical tuning in which the frequencies of notes are related by ratios or whole numbers. |
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| Any interval (usually an octave) that is divided into a series of equal steps. |
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| A system of musical tuning in which the frequency relationships of all intervals are based on the ratio 3:2. Diatonic, based on fifths, all other intervals are unjust. |
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| Constructed the same way as Pythagorean tuning, as a chain of perfect fifths, but in a meantone, each fifth is narrowed by the same amount (or equivalently, each fourth widened) in order to make the other intervals like the major third closer to their ideal just ratios. |
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| Twelve-tone equal temperament |
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| Used in the Arabic world; Because the notes are tempered, natural harmonics can sound out of tune |
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| The quality of movement of a melody, including nearness or farness of successive pitches or notes in a melody. |
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| A collection of musical notes that provides material for part or all of a musical work. |
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| The distance between two notes. |
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| The range of pitches employed in a melody or voice. |
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| The system of melodic modes used in traditional Arabic music, which is mainly melodic. The word maqam in Arabic means place, location or rank. The Arabic maqam is a melody type. Each maqam is built on a scale, and carries a tradition that defines its habitual phrases, important notes, melodic development and modulation. |
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| Distinctive fragments of a melody. |
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| Singingin unison or octaves. |
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| Multiple melodies, none of which are more important that the other |
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| the use and study of pitch simultaneity, and therefore chords, actual or implied, in music |
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| a harmonic or monophonic effect or accompaniment where a note or chord is continuously sounded throughout much or all of a piece, sustained or repeated, and most often establishing a tonality upon which the rest of the piece is built. |
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| the rhythmic linear technique using the alternation of notes, pitches, or chords. |
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| Singing the same intervals in a parallel interval? |
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| a particular series of intervals or chords that ends a phrase, section, or piece of music. Cadences give phrases a distinctive ending, that can, for example, indicate to the listener whether the piece is to be continued or concluded. |
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| A texture in which two or more parts move together in harmony, the relationship between them creating chords. |
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| Different parts singing the same melody, each with its own embellishment (often according to what instrument is being played). |
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| the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own culture. It is defined as the viewpoint that “one’s own group is the center of everything,” against which all other groups are judged. |
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| a concept that has been used to describe the existence of dominance of one social group over another |
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| a concept coined by Marxist philosopher Antonio Gramsci. It means that a diverse culture can be ruled or dominated by one group or class, that everyday practices and shared beliefs provide the foundation for complex systems of domination. |
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| People who are "trained" in that specific type of music, so therefore know what musical things to look out for and understand the theory behind it. People who aren't "qualified" supposedly cannot have the full experience of the music because they do not really understand what is happening. |
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| a classification used in analysing human societies to describe a social class of people who are in the upper or merchant class, whose status or power comes from employment, education, and wealth as opposed to aristocratic origin. |
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| The things that class enjoys/is used to/can be defined by |
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| music that is not explicitly "about" anything, non-representational or non-objective. In contrast with program music, absolute music has no words and no references to stories or images or any other kind of extramusical idea. |
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