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| Rhythms that occur simultaneously in two different meters, or with different starting points |
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| Feature an exchange between a single performer's vocal or instrumental call and a group response |
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| A short pattern that repeats over and over; can refer to both repeating melody or rhythm |
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| A constant buzzing or rattling sound in the background of a performance gained by attaching beads, coins or other small objects to instruments |
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| The stressed beginning of the metrical cycle |
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| A drumstick comprised of two sticks attached at an angle, or carved from a single piece of wood that allows a player to stand behind the drum and strike the head with a solid, straight impact |
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| Singing with a soft, breathy, almost growling tone |
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| A wooden xylophone with gourd resonators under each rough-hewn bar |
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| A practice in which the melody is divided between different players in an ensemble |
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| Consists of a single string attached to two ends of a curved stick which is plucked or struck with a stick |
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| Similar to a musical bow, but with several strings instead of just one |
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| Consists of a wooden frame of two or three parts with strings strung between them |
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| A clapperless double iron bell |
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| Musician who is also a "keeper of stories" |
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| Large chordophone with twenty-one strings stretched on two sides of its bridge |
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| Instrument that consists of twenty two metal tines arranged in three rows which are plucked |
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| Syllables chosen for their expressive qualities but without any other meaning |
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| Popular Nigerian band music |
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| Musical style from Senegal that popularized innovative connections to traditional instruments, styles, and forms |
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| Style of dance performed by workers in the diamond mines of South Africa |
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