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Music Middle Ages, Renaissance, Baroque
Vocabulary Words
71
Music
Undergraduate 1
10/20/2009

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Term
Messiah, Hallelujah Course
Definition
- George Frederic Handel
- Baroque
- Monophony, homophony, and polyphony
- Oratorio
Term
Oratorio
Definition
Sacred or religious music of the Baroque era - basically an opera on a religious subject. No grand stage, performance orientated.
Term
Julius Caesar - La Guistizia
Definition
- George Frederic Handel
- Baroque
- In Da Capo Form
- Opera Aria
- Non-imitative Polyphony
Term
Aria
Definition
A set piece for a solo singer that has much more musical elaboration - emotional
Term
Da Capo Form
Definition
- Typical of Baroque Opera Aria
- A B A
Term
Accompanied Recitative
Definition
Recitatives accompanied by orchestra or one kind or another
Term
Recitative
Definition
Technique of declaming words musically in a heightened, theatrical matter. Plot specific.
Term
Secco Recitative
Definition
Recitative with continuo accompaniment
Term
Opera Seria
Definition
Serious opera - designed to stir up powerful emotions, plot was usually derived from ancient history.
Term
Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D, Air
Definition
- J.S. Bach
- Air
- Baroque
- Walking Bass
- In French Overture style, B is in imitative polyphony
Term
French Overture
Definition
The special preparatory number prior to a dance suite.
Term
Overture
Definition
a general term for any substantial piece of music introducing a play, opera or ballet.
- In A B A' pattern
Term
Binary Form
Definition
a a b b
typical of Baroqeu Dance Form
Term
Suite
Definition
A genre of dance, it is a collection of miscellaneous dances together
Term
Stylized Dances
Definition
Dances meant to be listened to, not danced to.
Term
Fugue
Definition
is a polyphonic composition for a fixed number of instrumental lines or voices - usually 3 or 4 - built on a single theme. This theme is called the
subject - it appears again and again.
- Systemized imitative polyphony
Term
Exposition
Definition
The fugue begins with an exposition, in which all the voices present the subject in an orderly, standardized way.
Term
Subject Entries
Definition
After the exposition, the subject enters at intervals, these are called subjct entries.
Term
Episodes
Definition
The passages of music separating the later subject entries are called episodes.
Term
The Art of the Fugue, Contrapunctus 4
Definition
- J.S. Bach
- Fugue
- Baroque
- Imitative Polyphony
Term
Brandenburg Concerto No. 5
Definition
- J.S. Bach
- Congerto Grosso
- Ritornellos
- Non imitative polyphony
- Baroque
Term
Variation Form
Definition
Entail the successive, uninterrupted repetition of one clearly defined melodic unit, with changes that rouse the listener's interest w/o ever losing touch with the original unit. Systematic.
Term
Basso Ostinato
Definition
Persistent bass
Term
Ground bass
Definition
Repeating bass figure in Baroque Variation Form
Term
Concerto
Definition
Contrast between an orchestra and a soloist
Term
Concerto Grosso
Definition
Contrast between an orchestra and a small group of soloists
Term
Movement
Definition
A self contained section of music that is part of a larger work
1st - bright, extroverted
2nd - gentler, slower, more emotion
3rd - fast again, sometimes faster than the first
Term
Ritornello
Definition
Concerto movements are often in ritornello form, the name of the orchestral music that starts the movement off. Contrast is back to the concerto, and ritornello form focuses on contrast between two musical ideas - one of the orchestra one of the soloist(s).
Term
La Stravaganza I
Definition
- Vivaldi
- Baroque
- First movement - faster, extroverted
- Concerto - Ritornello
Term
La Stravaganza II
Definition
- Vivaldi, 2nd movement, slower, more gentle
- Baroque
- in Ground bass form
- Conterto - Baroque Variation Form
Term
Ornamentation
Definition
Improvising melodic extras in the aria
Term
Standard texture of Baroque music is?
Definition
Polyphonic
Term
Continuo aka figured bass.
Definition
The continuo is a bass part that is always linked to a series of chords, usually played by the harpischord or organ, or lute.
Term
Walking Bass
Definition
Feature that hammers the home beat - moves absolutely in even notes, usually 8ths or quarters
Term
Dido and Aeneas, Act III
Definition
- Henry Purcell
- Opera
- Baroque
- Chorus is in style typical of the madrigal - homophony and imitative polyphony w/ word painting
- Recitative
- Aria - built over slow ground bass
Term
Opera
Definition
Drama presented in music, with characters singing instead of speaking- often called the most characteristic art from of hte Baroque period.
Term
Functional Harmony
Definition
Composers developed a new way of handling hte chords so that their interrelation was felt to b e more logical, or at least more coherent. Each chord now assumed a special role, or function, in relation to the tonic chord. Purpose + predictable.
Term
O Magnum Mysterium
Definition
- Giovanni Gabrieli
- Baroque
- Motet
- Written for the X-Mas season
- Polyphonic
Term
Kemp's Jig
Definition
- Anonymous
- Renaissance
- in simple dance tune, a a b form
- recorder, viol, lute
- ornaments are piled on
Term
Madrigal
Definition
A short composition set to a one-stanze poem - typically a love poem - in imitative polyphony and homomphony
Term
As Vesta Was from Latmos Hill Descending
Definition
- Thomas Weelkes
- Renaissance
- Madrigal
- Full of word painting and declamation
Term
Motet
Definition
a sacred vocal composition. Early motets were based on fragments of gregorian chant. - Homophony and imitative polyphony
Term
Typical high renaissance texture?
Definition
Homophony and imitative polyphony
Term
Pope Marcellus Mass, from the Gloria
Definition
- Palestrina
- Renaissance
- Mass
- Qui Tollis
- Manly homophony, some polyphony
- 6 person vocals, semichoirs
Term
Pange Lingua Mass, from the Gloria
Definition
- Josquin Desprez
- Renaissance
- Mostly imitative polyphony, some homophony - used to give sense of communal worship
- 4 person vocals, semichiors
Term
Word painting
Definition
Matching music to the meaning of the words "high" vs "low"
Term
Declamation
Definition
made sure that words were sung to rhythms and melodies that approximated normal speech
Term
Point of Imitation
Definition
a brief passage of imitative polyphony covering one short phrase of a compositions verbal text and using a single musical motive.
Term
Pange Lingua Mass, from Kyrie
Definition
- Josquin Desprez
- Renaissance
- Mass
- Non-imitative and imitative polyphony
Term
Hymn
Definition
a simply religious song, sang ina few stanzas, used for congregation
Term
Hymn
Definition
a simply religious song, sang ina few stanzas, used for congregation
Term
Ave Maris Stella
Definition
- Guillaume Dufay
- Renaissance
- Harmonized Hymn
- Homophony
Term
Homophony began in the...
Definition
Renaissance
Term
Quant en Moi
Definition
- Mauchet
- Motet
- Middle Ages
- Non-imitative poloyphony
- Hocket, isorhythmic motet
Term
Isorhythm
Definition
technique of writing successive lengthy passages in identical rhythms but with distinct melodies
Term
Isorhythmic Motet
Definition
Motets that employ isorhythm
Term
Motet
Definition
Upper lines are given their own words - a new sort of polyphony expaned from organum
Term
Alleluia. Diffusa est Gratia
Definition
- Perotin
- Middle ages
- Organum
- a section is plainchant therefore monophonic, b section is non imitative polyphony
- our first example of polyphony
Term
Cantus Firmus
Definition
Original plainchant that forms the basis of a new composition
Term
Organum
Definition
Earliest type of polyphony, it is based on cantus firmus, added another melody in counterpoint
Term
La Dousa Votz
Definition
- Bernart de Ventadorn
- Middle ages
- Troubador Song
- Homophony - singer + accompaniment
- strophic form A A A...
Term
In Paradisum
Definition
- Anonymous
- Middle ages
- Gregorian antiphon
- Monophonic
Term
antiphon
Definition
a genre of plainchant usually showing a simple melodic style with few melismas
Term
Reciting Tone
Definition
the pitch on which the text is sung, it is held except for small variations. In gregorian recitation
Term
2 Characteristics of Plainchant
Definition
1 - all nonmetrical - no clearly established meter, therefore free rhythm
2 - not constured in major/minor system
according to medievil modes
Term
Medieval modes are...
Definition
D-DORIAN
E-PHRYGIAN
G-MIXOLYDIAN
F-LYDIAN
Term
Plainchant
Definition
the official music of the catholic church in the middle ages.
Term
The standard five polyphonic sections of hte renaissance mass
Definition
Kyria
Gloria
Credo
Sanctus
Angus Dei
Term
Ordinary
Definition
Parts of the catholic mass that use the same text throughout the year
Term
Hocket
Definition
Alternation of short melodic phrases or notes
Term
Melisma
Definition
Many consecutive notes sung with one syllable/vowel
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