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music history: baroque and classical (ashland university)
composers, genres,and listening examples from the baroque and classical periods
26
Music
Undergraduate 3
10/24/2016

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Term
Fugue
Definition
-baroque form
-composed by Bach
-any instrumentation, but predominantly keyboard
-instrumental work based on imitative counterpoint
-subject is repeated in all voices
Term
Johann Sebastian Bach
Definition
-Baroque composer, active from 1700-1720
-Born in Germany
-Did both freelance and aristocratic worm
-composed 400 Lutheran cantatas, songs, oratorios, fugues, concertos, sonatas, suites, concertos, but NO opera
-music is distinctly Baroque
Term
Classical Period
Definition
1750-1825
Term
String Quartet
Definition
-2 Violins, 1 Viola, 1 Cello
-Invented by Haydn
-Classical Genre
-Follows Sonata Cycle
Term
Sonata
Definition
-Classical Genre
-Composed by Beethoven, Bach, Mozart, Haydn
-Multi-movement work for solo instrument or solo instrument with piano accompaniment
-Beethoven wrote 33 famous piano sonatas
-Follows Sonata Cycle, Sonata form (exposition, development, recapitulation)
Term
Symphony
Definition
-Classical Genre
-Composed by Mozart, Beethoven, Haydn
-Multi-movement work for orchestra alone
-Typically 3-4 movements, fast/slow/fast
-Follows sonata cycle
-Most important genre in classical music
Term
The Four Seasons: "Summer" Movement 3
Definition
High Baroque
Concerto
Vivaldi
(The one that sounds like a rainstorm)
Term
Little Fugue in g minor
Definition
High Baroque
Fugue
Bach
for Organ
Term
Scoglio D'immoto Fronte
Definition
High Baroque
from Scipione
Opera Seria
Handel
(The only one with a solo vocalist)
Term
Ludwig van Beethoven
Definition
-Classical Composer (active 1800-1825)
-Born in Germany, lived in Austria
-Met Mozart, studied with Haydn
-composed both freelance and aristocratic
-composed operas, songs, sonatas, 9 symphonies, 32 piano sonatas, and a vast amount of chamber music
Term
Franz Joseph Haydn
Definition
Classical composer (active 1750-1770)
-Austrian
-Taught Beethoven
-invented/perfected the string quartet
-Composed some opera, concertos, symphonies, suites, string quartets, sonatas, some chamber music
Term
Symphony no.5, Movement 1
Definition
classical
symphony
Beethoven
(da da da DUH)
Term
Ein feste Burg
Definition
High baroque
Lutheran cantata
Bach
Term
All we like sheep
Definition
High Baroque
From Messiah
Oratorio
Handel
Term
Piano Concerto no.5
"The Emporer"
Mvt. 3
Definition
Classical
Concerto
Beethoven
Term
Symphony no. 35
Movement 1
Definition
Classical
Symphony
Mozart
Term
Hornpipe from Water Music
Definition
High baroque
Suite
Handel
Term
String Quartet op.33 no.3 mvnt. 4
"The Bird"
Definition
Classical
String Quartet
Haydn
Term
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Definition
-Classical Composer (1770-90)
-Born in Germany, studied in Vienna
-Composed symphonies, sonatas, concertos, oratorios, masses
-Known primarily for opera compositions: dominant opera composer of classical period
-freelance composer
Term
George Frideric Handel
Definition
-Baroque composer (1700-1720)
-Composed Oratorio, opera seria, cantatas, instrumental works
-born in Germany, travelled in Italy, studied in England
-Messiah is his Oratorio, Water Music is his Suite
Term
Concerto
Definition
-Baroque and classical genre
-multi-movement work for solo instrument and orchestra
-Baroque: ritornello form
-Classical: double exposition form
-3 movements, fast/slow/fast
Term
Oratorio
Definition
-Baroque genre
-sacred work meant to be unstaged
-featuring solo vocalists, chorus, and orchestra
-composer was Handel
-recit/aria/recit/aria
-da capo aria
Term
Suite
Definition
-Baroque genre
-Written by Handel, Bach
-Water Music
-Multi-movement work for any instrumentation based on dance
Term
Opera Seria
Definition
-Serious opera
-Baroque genre
-usually featuring royal characters with historical plots
-3 acts, meant to be staged
-recit, aria, recit, da capo aria
Term
Opera Buffa
Definition
-classical genre
-composed by Mozart
-comic opera, with much more involved, comedic plots
-no castrati tenor, no da capo form, ensemble is important
-Most famous are written by Mozart and Lorenzo da Ponte, librettist
Term
Antonio Vivaldi
Definition
-Baroque composer (1700-1720)
-wrote 400+ concertos as well as some sacred works, including operas and "Gloria"
-virtuoso violinist, moved from Venice to Vienna
-ritornello form
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