Term
Polyphony?
Where first discovered, name this book? |
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Definition
Western Music (unlike music of China, Japan, India, and Korea) cultivates Polyphony
First discovered documented polyphony found in Benedictince Abbey in Germany in 890s
A music treatise called "Musica Enchiriadas" |
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Term
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Definition
book by Abbot Hogar (d.906)
Describes Organum
--purpose was to teach singers to improvise polyphonic Music on the spot! |
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Term
Parallel Organum
What are the voices, how do they move? avoid a certain interval (which one)? |
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Definition
Voices move in Lockstep
1. Vox Principalis- preexisting chant to be enhanced
2. Vox Originallis- New improvised line
To avoid tritone, Hogar advises organal voice to stay the same |
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Term
Guido de Arezzo & John of St. Gall
What did they say on Polyphony? |
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Definition
Guido's "Micrologus"
--19 chapters dedicated to Polyphony
John's "De Musica"
1. Encourages contrary motion
2. Vox Principalis should be the LOWER line in Organum |
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Term
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Definition
c1000AD
Comes from England, is a collection of trope.
Written in unheightened neumes, as it is 30 years before invention of staff
150 2 voice organa, all to be improvised |
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Term
Aquitanian polyphony
What are it's other names, how does it work? |
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Definition
Many come from Anquitanian region of SW France. Also called St. Marital polyphony
12th Century
Many are sustained-tone organum, the bottom voice holds a not, upper voice florishes with fast moving line |
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Term
| Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. Where? How important to music? |
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Definition
Spain
where the Codex Calixitinus of 1150 is located |
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Term
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Definition
1150
20 polyphonic pieces, mostly for mass and vespers
First manuscript to ascribe composers names to pieces of music |
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