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Giovanni Pergolesi La serva padrona Intermezzo 1733 Recitative: Ah, quanto mi sta male |
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Giovanni Pergolesi La serva padrona Intermezzo 1733 Aria: Son imbrogliato io |
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Definition
- aria in da capo form
- accompanied by typical ensemble: a small four-part string orchestra with continuo
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Johann Adolf Hasse Cleofide: Act II, Scene 9, Digli ch'io son fedele 1731 Opera seria |
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Definition
- da capo aria
- galant style
- ornamentation
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John Gay The Beggar's Opera: Excerpt from Scene 13 1728 Ballad opera |
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Definition
My heart was so free first English ballad opera tunes borrowed from popular tunes, new words binary dance in B-flat major
Were I laid on Greenland's coast |
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Christoph Willibald Gluck Orfeo ed Euridice: Excerpt from Act II, scene 1 1762 Opera |
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Definition
increased role of orchestra and chorus focus on musical expression two orchestras features a ballet simplicity of melodies, sparseness of embellishment included not ritornelli as to not break-up singer's aria originally presented with castrato as hero
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William Billings Creation, from The Continental Harmony 1790 Fuging tune |
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Definition
first half of the piece is homophonic and mostly syllabic second half features freely imitative polyphony melody in the tenor (aka the best) voice
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Term
Domenico Scarlatti Sonata in D Major, K. 119 1740 Keyboard sonata |
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Definition
organizational structure: binary with two repeated sections characteristic of Scarlatti: large leaps, rushing scales, and rapid arpeggios Scarlatti liked the color blue
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C.P.E Bach Sonata in A Major, H. 186: Second movement, Poco adagio 1765 Keyboard sonata |
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Definition
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Giovanni Sammartini Symphony in F Major, No. 32: Presto 1740 Symphony |
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Definition
binary form precursor to sonata form one idea follows another in rapid succession, each with a distinct rhythm and texture scored for strings in four parts - violins I and II, violas, and a bass line played by cellos, doubled an octave lower by bass viol small orchestra
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Johann Stamitz Sinfonia a 8 in E-flat Major, Op. 11, No. 3: Allegro assai 1750 Symphony |
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Definition
compared to Sammartini's Symphony in F Major, the proportions are much expanded and the repetitions of each section are omitted. material is more tuneful includes a horn call and two dramatic crescendos (Mannheim characteristics) notice double, triple, and even quadruple stops in the violins
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J.C. Bach Concerto for Harpsichord or Piano and Strings in E-flat Major, Op. 7, No. 5: Allegro di molto 1770 Keyboard concerto |
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Definition
this movement follows form common to first movements of Classic-era concertos, a combination of the ritornello form of the Baroque concerto and the sonata form of symphonic first movements there are three main episodes that take the shape of the exposition, dev., and recap. of a sonata form
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Joe Haydn String Quartet in E-flat Major, Op. 33, No.2 (The Joke): Presto 1781 String quartet |
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Definition
rondo form (ABACA) the refrain is a small binary from whose second section concludes with a complete restatement of the first melody's short phrases and staccato notes are reminiscent of opera buffa known as The Joke because of the enigmatic rests at the end of the finale
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Joe Haydn Symphony No. 92 in G Major (Oxford) 1789 Symphony |
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Definition
First movement - Adagio-Allegro spiritoso Second movement - Adagio cantabile |
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W.A. Mozart Piano Sonata in F Major, K. 332: Allegro 1781 Piano sonata |
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Definition
first movement (Allegro) is in sonata form contrasts of style to delineate the parts of the form transition at m. 22 is in Sturm und Drang style second theme is in galant style
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W.A. Mozart Piano Concerto in A Major, K. 488, Allegro 1781 Piano concerto |
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W.A. Mozart Don Giovanni 1787 Opera |
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W.A. Mozart Symphony No. 41 in C Major, K. 551 (Jupiter) 1788 Symphony |
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Ludwig van Beethoven Symphony No. 3 in E-flat Major, Op. 55 (Eroica) 1803 Symphony |
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Ludwig van Beethoven Violin Sonata No. 9 in A Major, Op. 47 (Kreutzer) 1803 Violin sonata |
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Ludwig van Beethoven Piano concerto No. 5 in E-flat Major, Op. 73 (Emperor) 1809 Piano concerto |
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Ludwig van Beethoven Symphony No. 9 in D Minor, Op. 125 1824 Symphony |
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Ludwig van Beethoven String Quartet in C-sharp minor, Op. 131 1826 String quartet |
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