melody without harmony or counterpoint

most of the earliest forms of music were either monophonic or heterophonic

simultaneous performance of a melody in different ways by two or more parts

most of the earliest forms of music were either monophonic or heterophonic

1.) Almost no written music survived.

2.) Was mostly either monophonic or heterophonic.

3.) Was almost entirely improvised.

a brief song from about the 1^st Century C.E. found inscribed on a tombstone

one of the earliest forms of written music known to man

ancient instrument with five to seven plucked strings

was an instrument of Apollo (noble instrument)

ancient instrument that was a larger version of the lyre

was an intrument of Apollo (noble instrument)

ancient reeded instrument that came in two forms: the single reed and the double reed

was an intsrument of Dionysus (party instrument)

ancient Greek belief that:

1.) Music affects behavior.

2.) Music has the same affects on different people.

proposed by Aristotle in the Politics and states that one can change someone's behavior by making them listen to certain types of music

this theory was used to try and "cure" those who broke the law or were deemed insane

1.) Ancient Greek philosopher.

2.) Proposed the theory of imitation in the Politics.

3.) Believed music could be used for amusement, education, and medical treatment.

1.) Ancient Greek philosopher.

2.) Proposed that music and athletics should be equally balanced subjects of education in his Republic.

3.) Believed that the Dorian and Phrygian church modes fostered temperance and courage, and all of the other modes fostered poor manners and anarchy.

in ancient Greek theory, a scale of four notes each a fourth apart; three kinds (diatonic, chromatic, enharmonic)

in ancient Greek theory, the church modes were determined by tetrachords

1.) Ancient Greek mathmatician.

2.) Discovered that two stings with a 2:1 ratio in length resulted in an octave, that a 3:2 ratio creates a fifth, and that a 4:3 ratio creates a fourth.

study of matters concerning pitch

laid the foundation for modern concepts such as notes, intervals, scales, and modes

writes in his Confessions that he thought he was sinning when he enjoyed the music more than the words in a church service

(translated The Fundimentals of Music)

written by Boethius

divides music into three types (musica mundana, musica humana, musica instrumentalis)

inaudible music that controlled planetary movement, the changing of the seasons, and the combination of elements 

the most important type of music proposed by Boethius

inaudible music within the human body that unifies that body and the soul and keeps that person sane

the 2^nd most important type of music proposed by Boethius

audible music produced by both voices and instruments

the least important type of music proposed by Boethius

the three verbal liberal arts

1.) grammar

2.) dialectic (logic)

3.) rhetoric

the four mathematical liberal arts

1.) geometry

2.) arithmetic

3.) astronomy

4.) harmonics

Gregorian chant

OR

plainchant

pure monophonic melody sung in one voice, regardless of how many are singing

oldest form of praise music