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| emotions or states of mind that could be aroused by music. |
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| Monteverdi’s term for the style and practice of sixteenth-century polyphony |
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| Monteverdi’s term for a practice of counterpoint and composition that allows the rules of sixteenth-century counterpoint to be broken in order to express the feelings of a text. |
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| 1) instrumental bass line is written out and one or more players of keyboard, lute, or similar instruments fill in the harmony with appropriate chords or improvised melodic lines. 2) the bass line itself. (not necessarily figured bass) |
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| instruments used to realize a basso continuo, such as harpsichord, organ, lute, or theorbo. |
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Definition
| a form of basso continuo in which the bass line is supplied with numbers or flat or sharp signs to indicate the appropriate chords to be played. |
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| performing (or creating a performable edition of) music whose notation is incomplete, as in playing a basso continuo or completing a piece left unfinished by its composer. |
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| the combination of voices (singing) with one or more instruments, where the instruments do not simply double the voices (singing) but play independent parts |
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| in the seventeenth century, a composition on a sacred text for one or more singers and instrumental accompaniment |
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| The addition of embellishments to a given melody, either during performance or as part of the act of composition. |
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| Highly embellished passage, often improvised, at an important cadence, usually occurring just before the end of a piece or section. |
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Definition
| Drama with continuous or nearly continuous music, staged with scenery, costumes, and action. |
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| The system, common since the late seventeenth century, by which a piece of music is organized around a tonic note, chord, and key, to which all the other notes and keys in the piece are subordinate. |
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| Literary text for an opera or other musical stage work. |
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| play in verse with incidental music and songs, normally set in idealized rural surroundings, often in ancient times; a source for the earliest opera librettos. |
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| a series of madrigals that represents a succession of scenes or a simple plot. |
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| musical interlude on a pastoral, allegorical, or mythological subject performed before, between, or after the acts of a spoken comedy or tragedy. |
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Definition
1) an accompanied solo song
2) the musical texture of solo singing accompanied by one or more instruments |
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Definition
1) any section of an Italian strophic poem for a solo singer.
2) lyrical monologue in an opera or other vocal work such as cantata and oratorio. |
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Definition
| a through-composed setting of a nonstrophic poem for solo voice with accompaniment |
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| a type of vocal singing that approaches speech and follows the natural rhythms of the text. |
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Definition
in vocal music, instrumental introduction or interlude between sung stanzas.
3) in an aria or similar piece, an instrumental passage the recurs several times, like a refrain. Typically, it is played at the beginning, as interludes (often in modified form), and again at the end, and it states the main theme.
4) in a fast movement of a concerto, the recurring thematic material played at the beginning by the full orchestra and repeated, usually in varied form, throughout the movement and at the end. |
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Definition
1) generic term used throughout the seventeenth century for an abstract ensemble piece, especially one that serves as an introduction to a vocal work.
2) Italian opera overture in the early eighteenth century. |
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Definition
| vocal genre, a setting of a strophic poem, in which the melody of the first stanza is varied by the harmonic plan remains essentially the same, although the duration of harmonies may change to reflect the accentuation and meaning of the text. |
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Italian - "Excited style"
style devised by Monteverdi to portray anger and warlike actions, characterized by rapid reiteration of a single note, whether on quickly spoken syllables or in a measured string tremolo. |
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Definition
1) recitativo arioso
2) short, aria-like passage
3) style of vocal writing that approaches the lyricism of an aria but is freer in form. |
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Definition
| male singers who were castrated before puberty to preserve their high vocal range, prominent in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, especially in opera. |
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Definition
| madrigal for one or more voices accompanied by basso continuo and in some bases by other instruments. |
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Definition
| a pattern in the bass that repeats while the melody above it changes |
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| 1) a vocal chamber work with continuo, usually for solo voice, consisting of several sections or movements that include recitatives and arias and setting a lyrical or quasi-dramatic text. |
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Definition
| a composition on a sacred text for one or more singers and instrumental accompaniment. |
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| style used in music written after 1600, in imitation of the old contrapuntal style of Palestrina, used especially for church music. |
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Definition
| seventeenth-century style that used basso continuo and applied the rules of counterpoint freely. |
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Definition
| genre of sacred vocal music featuring one or more soloists accompanied by organ continuo (or modest instrumental ensemble) |
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Definition
| genre of dramatic music that originated in the seventeenth century, combining narrative, dialogue, and commentary through arias, recitatives, ensembles, choruses, and instrumental music, like an unstaged opera. Usually on a religious or biblical subject. |
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Definition
| in baroque music, a melodic pattern or contrapuntal effect conventionally employed to convey the meaning of text. |
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Definition
| in Lutheran music of sixteenth to eighteenth centuries, a musical setting based on a biblical narrative. |
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| a musical setting of one of the biblical accounts of Jesus' crucifixion, the most common type of historia. |
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Definition
Italian - "Touched"
piece for keyboard instrument or lute resembling an improvisation that may include imitative sections or may serve as a prelude to an independent fugue. |
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Definition
Italian - "fantasy"
1) instrumental composition that resembles an improvisation or lacks a strict form.
2) imitative instrumental piece on a single subject. |
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Definition
| introductory piece for solo instrument, often in the style of an improvisation, or introductory movement in a multimovement work such as an opera or suite. |
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Definition
1)a prelude in the style of an improvisation
2) from the late sixteenth century on, an instrumental piece that treats one or more subjects in imitation. |
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Definition
| composition or section of a composition in imitative texture that is based on a single subject and begins with successive statements of the subject in all voices. |
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Definition
Italian - "song"
1) sixteenth-century Italian genre, an instrumental work adapted from a chanson or composed in a similar style
2) in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, an instrumental work in several contrasting sections, of which the first and some of the others are in imitative counterpoint. |
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Definition
Italian - "sounded"
1) a piece to be played on one or more instruments
2) baroque instrumental piece with contrasting section or movement, often with imitative counterpoint.
3)genre in several movements for one or two solo instruments. |
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Definition
| relatively short setting for organ of a chorale melody, used as an introduction for congregational singing or as an interlude in a Lutheran church service. |
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Definition
| variation over a basso continuo. |
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Definition
| baroque genre of variation over a repeated bass line or harmonic progression in triple meter. |
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Definition
| a set of pieces that are linked together in a single work. usually referred to a set of stylized dance pieces. |
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| setting for organ of all sections of the mass for which the organ would play, including organ verses and other pieces. |
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Definition
| instrumental genre of the late 1500s and early 1600s comprising a set of variations in which the melody repeats with little change but is surrounded by different contrapuntal material in each variation. |
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Definition
| ensemble whose core consists of strings with more than one player on a part, usually joined by woodwinds, brass, and percussion instruments. |
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Definition
| French form of opera, pioneered by Jean-Baptiste Lully, that combined the French classic drama and Ballet traditions with music, dances, and spectacles. |
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Definition
French - "lyric tragedy"
later form of tragedie en musique |
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Definition
| used in tragedie en musique and other genres, that opens with a slow, homophonic, and majectic section, followed by a faster second section that begins with imitation. |
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Definition
| In French baroque opera, recitative that shifts frequently between duple and triple meter to allow the natural speechlike declamation of the words. |
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Definition
| In French baroque opera, recitative in a songlike, measured style, in a uniform meter, and with relatively steady motion in the accompaniment. |
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Definition
| convention of performing French music in which passages notated in short, even duration, such as a succession of eighth notes, are performed by alternating longer notes on the beat with shorter offbeats to produce a lilting rhythm. |
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Definition
| performing practice in French Baroque music in which a dotted note is held longer than written, while the following note is shortened. |
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Definition
| ornament in French music, usually indicated by a sign. |
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Definition
| French term for harpsichord. |
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Term
style luthé/style brisé
!!! |
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Definition
| Broken or arpeggiated texture in keyboard and lute music from seventeenth-century France. The technique originated with the lute, and the figuration was transferred to the harpsichord |
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Definition
| A form comprised of two complementary sections, each of which is repeated. The first section usually ends on the dominant or the relative major, although it may end on the tonic or other key; the second section return to the tonic. |
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Definition
| A set of pieces that are linked together into a single work. During the baroque, a suite usually referred to a set of stylized dance pieces. |
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Definition
| A French baroque keyboard genre, usually the first movement in a suite, whose nonmetric notation gives a feeling of improvisation. |
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Definition
| Highly stylized dance in binary form, in moderately fast quadruple meter with almost continuous movement, beginning with an upbeat. Popular during the Renaissance and Baroque; appearing often as the first dance in a suite. |
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Definition
| a dance in binary form in triple meter at a moderate tempo and with an upbeat, featured as a standard movement of the baroque dance suite. |
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Definition
| In French baroque music, a slow dance in binary form and in triple meter, often emphasizing the second beat; a standard movement of a suite. |
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Definition
| stylized dance movement of a standard baroque suite, in binary form, marked by fast compound meter such as 6/4 or 12/8 with wide melodic leaps and continuous triplets. The two sections usually both begin with imitation. |
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Definition
| baroque duple-time dance in binary form, with half-measure upbeat and a characteristic rhythm of short-short-long. |
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Definition
| dance in moderate triple meter, two-measure units, and binary form. |
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Definition
| seventeenth-century English entertainment involving poetry, music, dance, costumes, choruses, and elaborate sets, akin to the French Court Ballet. |
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Definition
| modern term for dramatic opera |
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Definition
| Aria form with two sections. The first section is repeated after the second section's close, which carries the instruction da capo (Italian, "from the head"), creating an ABA form. |
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Definition
| baroque sonata, usually a suite of stylized dances, scores for one or more treble instruments and continuo. |
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Definition
| baroque instrumental work intended for performance in church; usually in four movements (slow-fast-slow-fast) and scored for one or more treble instruments and continuo. |
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Definition
| a sonata for two treble instruments (usually violins) above a basso continuo. A performance featured four or more players if more than one was used for the continuo part. |
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Definition
| bass line in baroque music, and later in jazz, that moves steadily and continuously. |
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Definition
| ensemble of instruments or of voice with one or more instruments, or a work for such an ensemble |
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Definition
| orchestral genre in several movements, originating in the late seventeenth century, that emphasized the first violin part and the bass, avoiding the more contrapuntal texture of the sonata. |
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Definition
| instrumental work that exploits the contrast in sonority between a small ensemble of solo instruments (concertino), usually the same forces that appeared in the trio sonata, and a large ensemble |
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Definition
| concerto in which a single instrument, such as a violin, contrasts with an orchestra. |
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Definition
1) in both the solo concerto and the concerto grosso, designates the full orchestra. Also called ripieno.
2) instruction to an ensemble that all should play. |
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Definition
| designates the full orchestra |
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Definition
| composition in imitative texture based on a single subject, beginning with successive statements of the subject in all voices |
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Definition
| a set of entries of the subject in a fugue |
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Definition
| theme, used especially for the main melody used in a ricercare, fugue, or other imitative work. |
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Definition
| in the exposition of a fugue, the second entry of the subject |
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Definition
| the passage of free counterpoint between statements of the subject in a fugue. |
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Definition
| strophic hymn in the Luteran tradition, intended to be sung by the congregation. |
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Definition
| relatively short setting for organ of a chorale melody used as an introduction for congregational singing or as an interlude in a Lutheran church service. |
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Definition
| German suite for orchestra patterned after the groups of dances in French ballets and opera. |
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Definition
A ritornello for full orchestra that alternates with episodes characterized by virtuosic material played by one or more soloists.
Standard form for fast movements in concertos. |
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Definition
| term coined by Jean-Philippe Rameau to indicated the succession of the roots or fundamental tones in a series of chords. |
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Term
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Definition
1)the first and central note of a major or minor scale.
2) the main key of a piece or movement, in which the piece or movement begins and ends and to which all other keys are subordinate. |
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Definition
| in tonal music, the note and chord a perfect fifth above the tonic. |
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Definition
| in tonal music, the note and chord a fifth below the tonic |
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Term
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Definition
| in tonal music, a gradual change from one key to another within a section of a movement. |
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