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music History Antiquity-Baroque
chapters 36-40
41
Music
Undergraduate 2
12/11/2009

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Term
agréments
Definition
French word for ornaments, or embellishments
Term
clavecin
Definition
French word for harpsichord; the favorite chamber keyboard instrument in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries
Term
couplet
Definition
a term used in the rondo form of the 17th and 18th centuries to indicate an intermediate section (episode) distinctly different from the refrain
Term
notes inégales
Definition
a succession of equal notes moving rapidly up or down the scale are played somewhat unequally, such as "long-short, longshort"
Term
ordre
Definition
term used by Couperin to designate a group of pieces loosely associated by feeling and key; similar to the Baroque era dance suite
Term
overdotting
Definition
practice in which a dotted note is made longer than written, while its complementary short note(s) is made shorter
Term
rococo
Definition
term used to describe the decorative arts and the music of mid eighteenth-century France, with all their lightness, grace and highly ornate surfaces
Term
rondo
Definition
refrain (A) set against contrasting material (B, C, or D) to create a pattern such as ABACA, ABACABA, or even ABACADA; usually playful, exuberant mood
Term
style brisé
Definition
discontinuous texture in which chords are broken apart and notes enter one by one; such a style is inherent in lute music
Term
tombeau
Definition
an instrumental piece commemorating someone's death
Term
unmeasured prelude
Definition
an opening piece without specific indications for rhythmic duration or metrical organization
Term
Denis Gaultier
Definition
the leading and most famous17th c. French lutenist; one of first composers to use the genre known as a "tombeau"
Term
François Couperin
Definition
Baroque composer/harpsichordist associated with court of Louis XIV; developed genre known as "ordre'; treatise explaining Baroque ornamentation
Term
Jean Philippe Rameau
Definition
early 18th c. composer/theorist who codified the new Baroque era compositional practices known today as "functional tonal harmony"
Term
countertenor
Definition
a male performer who sings in the alto or soprano range in falsetto voice
Term
horn fifths
Definition
characteristic musical figure assigned to horns in which the instruments progress through 6ths, 5ths, and 3rds, sometimes ornamenting along the way
Term
opera seria
Definition
heroic, fully sung Italian opera that dominated the stage at the courts of Europe during the eighteenth century
Term
pastoral aria
Definition
slow-tempo aria employing parallel thirds in step-wise motion, lilting compound meter, slow harmonic change and many subdominant chords
Term
Royal Academy of Music
Definition
Handel's London opera company started in 1719; a publicly held stock company, its principal investor being the king
Term
Georg Frideric Handel
Definition
late Baroque German composer; learned Italian opera style while studying in Italy; associated with and employed primarily in London
Term
BWV
Definition
Bach Work List; an identifying system for the works of Johann Sebastian Bach
Term
countersubject
Definition
in a fugue, a unit of thematically distinctive material that serves as a counterpoint to the subject
Term
episode
Definition
in a fugue, a section full of modulation and free counterpoint that is based on motives derived from the subject
Term
equal temperment
Definition
division of the octave into twelve equal half-steps, each with the ratio of approximately 18:17; first advocated by some musicians in the early 16th c.
Term
exposition
Definition
in a fugue, an opening section in which each voice presents the subject in turn
Term
invertible counterpoint
Definition
written so that the vertical position of two or more voices can be switched without violating the rules of counterpoint or creating undue dissonance
Term
obbligato
Definition
indication that a composer has written a specific part for an instrument and intends it to be played as written
Term
partita
Definition
term used by J.S. Bach as a synonym for a dance suite
Term
pedal point
Definition
on the organ, a sustained or continually repeated pitch, usually placed in the bass and sounding while the harmonies change around it
Term
Picardy third
Definition
a shift from minor to major in the final chord of a piece
Term
rank
Definition
each group of similar sounding pipes in an organ
Term
stop
Definition
a small wooden knob on an organ that activates a rank of pipes when pulled out
Term
subject
Definition
in a fugue, the theme
Term
fortspinnung
Definition
taking the primary musical idea and "spinning" it out in a seemingly endless melodic strand with uniform rhythmand often deceptive cadences
Term
accompanied recitative
Definition
a recitative that features a full orchestral accompaniment; it appears occasionally in the sacred vocal music of Bach
Term
colla parte
Definition
technique in which all the instrumental parts double the vocal lines
Term
collegium musicum
Definition
association of musicians in eighteenth-century Germany, consisting usually of university students, who came together voluntarily to play the latest music
Term
passion
Definition
a large-scale oratorio-like musical depiction of Christ's crucifixion as recorded in the Gospels
Term
violino piccolo
Definition
a small violin usually tuned a minor third higher than the normal violin
Term
chorale cantata
Definition
genre of sacred vocal music that employs the text and tune of a pre-existing Lutheran chorale in all or several of its movements
Term
Johann Sebastian Bach
Definition
late Baroque German composer; worked and lived exclusively in several central German cities; music "forgotten" for more than 75 years
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