Basso Profundo

lowest classification of the male voice

Coloratura

highest classification of the female voice

camibata

Changing voice of the adolescent male

Countertenor

adult male voice who cultivates the use of falsetto

(false voice)

Piccolo

reedless instrument

woodwind instrument

plays the highest note in the symphony orchestra

Syncopation

deliberate upsetting of the normal accent

Timbre

in music refers to tone color

Triad

is the most common chord in music,

a combination based on 3 notes

Harmony

movement and relationship of chords

what do the Greeks call rhythm?

"flow"

denotes the controlled movement

of music in time

Tempo

refers to speed in music

Ground Bass

short phrase that is repeated over and

over in the bass staff while the

upper voices pursue their varied courses

Phrase

is a unit usually 4 measures in length

Ballad

is usually 32 measures in length

Oboe

double reed instrument

tune quality is very nasal

soprano, woodwind family

Contra- Bassoon

plays the lowest notes

in the double- reed family

trumpet

soprano of the bass instruments

tone quality is brassy

Lute

rose to its greatest prominence

in the 16 th century

Cello

is lower in range than the "viola"

and is tuned an octave below the viola

Xylophone

definite pitched percussion instrument

Percussion instruments

falls into two categories:

those of definite pitch

&

those of indefinite pitch

First Violin section

sits on the conductors left as

he faces the orchestra

pizzicato

is to pluck the violin section rather than to bow

Meter Signature

explains the pattern of musical notes

within a measure

Duple, Triple, Quadruple

are regarded as simple meters;

all other meters are compund

the meter signature of the "Waltz"

is 3/4

Meter Signature of a "March"

is 2/4

String Section

In a symphony orchestra,

it is the most important

group of instruments

66 strings

a modern orchestra has

this number of strings

Woodwinds

are "less homogenous" group

than are the strings

Some bassoon players tend to become

mentally ill.

The human voice is the most

personal of all instruments.

Female Voice

sounds one octave higher than a male voice

time signature "3/4" means=

there are 3 beats to a measure &

that the quarter note gets one beat

Standard trumpet has 3 valves.

Crescendo and Accelerando

are not synonymous.

String Quartet

consists of two violins,

viola & cello

Marimba

instrument of african & south america origin

has been used for the performance of

dance music

A "tweleve tone scale" is

a chromatic scale.

Ordinarily there are 4 movements

in a symphony

Interval

distance between two tones

or notes

Dissonant

music brings on a state of

tension or

"unpleasant sound"

Guitar=

is very old instrument

Oboe=

used to tune the orchestra

Subject

in music is a complex

"musical idea"

several measures long

Motive

"simple music idea"

sometimes consisting of a few notes

Absolute Music

inspired by ideas concerning

the organization of musical

materials and forms

Musical forms

most familiar form is A B A

Church hymn is a

"homophonic"

Jazz trumpet

mutes are now used in the

symphony orchestra

Twelve- tone scale

contains all the pitches

between a given

note and its octave

Major scale

is a diatomic scale

contains half and whole steps

Diatomic Scale

must have whole and half steps

is a major scale

Saxaphone

was invented by

Adolph Sax of Brussels

in the mid- 19th century

Fugue

most complex &

ambitious

form of imitation

Extramusical ideas

in program music  are

usually pointed out

in the title

(such as Peter and the Wolf)

Sonata- Allegro

#4 Recapitulation

is where the theme is stated for the last time

Simplest rondo is a

diagrammed A B A C A

generally speaking Music

is an universal language

Melody

is created by a succession of pitches,

each pitch being heard in relationship to the preceding

and following pitches

Allegro=

a term in music,

means to go fast

The symphony orchestra was

standardized in 18th century

Most common means

of recurrence is

repetition

Melody=

moves horizaontally

on the music staff

The pattern for a

major scale is

1 1- 1/2 - 1 1 1- 1/2

Pitch=

length

thickness

tension

Bamboo flute=

earliest wind instruments

Counterpoint=

is melody against melody

(2 or more at the same time)

some woodwind instruments

are constructed of wood

others metal

Mezzo- Piano (mp)=

indicates to sing

or

play medium soft

Some tubas have 5 valves: T

they can also have less, 3 or 4: T

A chord is built vertically

Homophonic music

has a primary melody

supported by chords

Ex: hymn

Monophonic music=

is a single line of music

one of the simplest

forms of

"canon" is the round

T/ F: one of the simplest

forms of rondo is

round

Polyphonic music

combines 2 or more

"independent"

melodic lines

If the answer begins

before the subject is concluded

an overlapping effect

called "stretto" results

Episode=

is a musical idea

separating one

theme from another

Motet=

a religious or sacred work

Tone poem=

is a programmatic composition

Sonata

is a work for instrument

with piano accompaniment

or piano alone.

usually 3 movements= fast, slow, fast

Opera=

programatic composition

Violin=

is a 16th century instrument

Mass

is a setting of 5

portions of the

solemn service of the

roman catholic church

Recitative

in music, is a presentation

of narrative or descriptive detail

to broken chords of music

Plainchant

refers to monophonic music

one vocal line

(Gregorian chant)

Ballet=

an art form combining the

element of music

with those of the dance

Sousaphone=

is used in marching bands

A good modern orchestra

has about 100 players

Horns had valves

about the mid- 19th century

Harp=

seems to have an

ancient origin in

the near east

Grand staff=

in music is the combination of

treble staff and the bass staff

Celesta=

looks like a miniature

upright piano &

is operated by a keyboard

one of the earliest "orchestra ensemble"

was established in Paris

by Jean Baptiste Lully

in the mid 17th century