Term
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Definition
| Marching Tuba. Tuba with its bell pushed outward specifically so the sound goes forward when marching. Wraps around the player to make it easier to hold while playing and marching Named after the great marching band director John Philip Sousa who came up with the idea for the marching tuba |
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Term
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Definition
larger bore small tuba matches pitches played by trombone plays one octave higher than a tuba
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Term
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Definition
| another trumpet like instrument mellower sound big bell used exclusively in jazz |
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Term
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Definition
| Like a trumpet slightly smaller with a conical core. Mellow sound |
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Term
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Definition
| octave higher than normal trumpet. rarely seen . 4 valves instead of three |
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Term
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Definition
| similar to a trumpet range no valves Used in military for signals |
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Term
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Definition
bass member/brass section lowest notes can have 3 or 4 valves Adds body to band or orchestra. Timbre ranges from a velvety sound to a rumbling growl.
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Term
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Definition
tenor member brass section large trumpet original name was sackbut which means push and pull. No valves uses U shaped slide that can play glissandos like trumpet great instrument for jazz
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Term
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Definition
alto member brass section. Mellow sounding soloistic. Blends well with woodwinds brass strings. Has large range. Smallest mouthpiece of brass instruments and most difficult to play
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Term
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Definition
soprano member of the brass section. Highest sounding brass most popular ceremonial triumphant Great instrument for jazz
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Term
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Definition
characteristics made of brass cup shaped mouthpieces valves or slide curved tubing cylindrical or conical bore bell at the end of the instrument sound produced by vibration of lips into mouthpiece. To carry sound quality all brass instruments use mutes which are placed in the bell of the instrument.
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Term
| what is the difference in a tuba in the brass section |
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Definition
uses a slide rather than a valve
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Term
| what are similarities of the brass section |
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Definition
they all are made of brass
use valves
deep voice
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Term
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Definition
one melody
early music
gragorian chant
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Term
| polophonic (pholphny) music |
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Definition
two or more sounds/voices
created harmony
multi parts |
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Term
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Definition
| a melody with a different/seperate harmony |
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Term
| what makes up a string quartet |
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Definition
| 2 violins, a viola, a chello |
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Term
what makes up the brass quintet
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Definition
| 2 trumpets French horn trombone tuba |
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Term
| what instrument is in the woodwind and brass quintet |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the suprano of the string quartet? (highest pitched) |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the alto sound in the string quartet |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| flute oboe clarinet bassoon French horn |
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Term
| what is another name of the organ |
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Definition
| king of instruments because of the range of sound and can mimic brass and wind instruments |
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Term
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Definition
used wind to create sound air flows through many pipes (from 6 inches to 32 feet in length.) Uses devices called stops to change sounds. Two or more keyboards with multiple foot pedals for brass notes Pipe organ has been mainstay of liturgical music for over 400 years because of its versatility and outright power.
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Term
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Definition
invented in 1709 by Bartolomeo Christofori Greatly improved on the other keyboards of the day. Used felt hammers to t-strike the strings rather than pluck the strings as a harpsichord of the metallic sound of tangents used to hit strings of a clavichord. Capable of greater range of dynamics soft louds and allowed for changes of dynamics quickly or gradually. Greater crescendos and diminuendos that were not possible to this time by other keyboards. Original design was a wooden case with a wooden frame. Later in 19th century wooden case held up with a steel frame. Made the same way to this day. Over the past 300 years few great composers if any did not write for the piano. Changed the face of Europe’s music around which most of its culture has revolved Today Electric pianos are popular because of their portability and can be amplified to match the volume of guitars and drums
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Term
| what are the 6 periods and what are their dates |
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Definition
Renissance period
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Classical Era Period 1750-1825
Romantic Period 1820-1900
Post romantic 1890-1915
20th Century 1900-present |
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Term
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Definition
| the organizing principle in music |
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Term
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Definition
| repetition, contrast and variation |
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Term
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Definition
| improvisation, binary form, tenary form, ballad,theme sequences |
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Term
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Definition
| A-B statement and departure, verse/chorus |
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Term
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Definition
| A-B-A statement departure statement |
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Term
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Definition
| Long poem/ narrative that tells a story |
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Term
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Definition
| melodic idea used as a building block |
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Term
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Definition
| elaborating on or varying a musical idea. Uses repetition and sequence |
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Term
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Definition
| smallest fragment of a musical theme |
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Term
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Definition
| singing leader who is imitated by a chorus |
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Term
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Definition
| short musical pattern that is repeated continuosly.melodic,rhythmic or harmonic |
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Term
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Definition
| complete indipendent division of a large scale work |
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Term
| Musical Form / Tempo, Dynamics |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| rate of speed pace of the music |
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Term
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Definition
| Degree of loudness or softness of a sound. See also dynamics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disjointed or disconnected melody with many leaps. |
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Term
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Definition
| A musical symbol denoting pitch and duration. |
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Term
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Definition
| The quality of a sound that distinguishes one voice or instrument from another. |
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Term
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Definition
| The high point in a melodic line or piece of music, usually reprsenting the peak of intensity, range, and dynamics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Distance between the lowest and highest tones of a melody, and instrument, or a voice |
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Term
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Definition
| Smooth, connected melody that moves principally by small intervals. |
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Term
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Definition
| The overall shape of a melodic line. It can move upward, downward, remain static. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rate of vibration of a string or column of air, which determines pitch. |
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Term
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Definition
| Distance and relationship between two pitches. |
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Term
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Definition
| Musical unit; often component of a melody. |
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Term
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Definition
| Succession of single tones or pitches perceived by the mind as a unity. |
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Term
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Definition
| The arrangement of rhyming words or corresponding sounds at the end of poetic lines. |
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Term
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Definition
| Resting place in a musical phrase; music punctuation. |
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Term
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Definition
| An accompanying melody sounded against the principal melody. |
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Term
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Definition
| The controlled movement of music in time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Regular pulsation; a basic unit of length in musical time. |
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Term
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Definition
The emphasis on a beat resulting in its being louder or longer than another in a measure.
Page 13 |
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Term
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Definition
| Organization of rhythm in time; the grouping of beats into larger, regular patterns, notated as measures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rhythmic group or metrical unit that conrains a fixed number of beats, divided on the musical staff by bar lines. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vertival lines through the staff that separate metric units, or measures. Also called barlines. |
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Term
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Definition
| First beat of the measure, the strongest in any meter. |
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Term
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Definition
| Basic metrical pattern of two beats to a measure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Basic metrical pattern of three beats to a measure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Basic metrical pattern of four beats to a measure. Also commone time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Grouping of rhythms in which the beat is subdivided into two, as in duple, triple, and quarduple meters. |
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Term
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Definition
| Meter in which each beat is subdivided into three rather than two. |
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Term
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Definition
| Compound metrical pattern of six beats to a measure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Last beat of a measure, a weak beat, which anticipates the downbeat. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deliberate upsetting of the meter or pulse through a temporary shifting of the accent to a weak beat or an offbeat. |
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Term
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Definition
| A weak beat or any pulse between the beats in a measured rhytmic pattern. |
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Term
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Definition
| The simultaneous use of several rhythmic patterns or meters, common in twentieth-century music and in certain African musics. |
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Term
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Definition
| patterns of beats that subdivide into smaller, irregular groups (e.g., 2 + 3 + 2 + 3 = 10); common in certain Eastern European musics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Music lacking a strong sense of beat or meter, common in certain non-Western musics. |
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Term
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Definition
Distance and relationship between two pitches.
Page 17 |
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Term
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Definition
| Simultaneous combination of three or more tones that constitute a single block of harmony. |
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Term
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Definition
| The simultaneous combination of notes and the ensuing relationships of intervals and chords. |
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Term
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Definition
| Series of tones in ascending or descending order; may present the notes of a key. |
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Term
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Definition
| Interval between two tones seven diatonic pitches apart; the lower note vibrates half as fast as the upper and sounds an octave lower. |
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Term
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Definition
| Common chord type, consisting of three pitches built on alternate tones of the scale (e.g., steps 1-3-5, or do-mi-sol). |
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Term
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Definition
| The first note of the scale or key, do. Also keynote. |
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Term
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Definition
| Principle of organization around a tonic, or home, pitch, based on a major or minor scale. |
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Term
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Definition
| Combination of tones that sounds discordant and unstable, in need of resolution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Concordant or harmonious combination of tones that provides a sense of relaxation and stability in music. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sustained sounding of one or several tones for harmonic support, a common feature of some folk musics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Smallest interval used in the Western system; the octave divides into twelve such intervals; on the piano, the distance between any two adjacent keys, whether black or white. Also semitone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Melody or harmony built from many if not all twelve semitones of the octave. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chromatic scale consists of an ascending or descending sequence of semitones |
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Term
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Definition
| Musical symbol (#) that indicates raising a pitch by a semitone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Musical symbol (b) that indicates lowering a pitch by a semitone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Interval consisting of two half steps, or semitones. |
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Term
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Definition
| Defines the relationship of tones with a common center or tonic. Also a lever on a keyboard or woodwind instrument. |
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Term
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Definition
| Melody or harmony built from the seven tones of a major or minor scale. A diatonic scale encompasses patterns of seven whole tones and semitones. A diatonic scale encompasses patterns of seven whole tones and semitones. |
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Term
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Definition
| Five-note pattern used in some African, Far Eastern, and Native American musics; can also be found in Western music as an example of exoticism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Three-note scale pattern, used in the music of some sub-Saharan African cultures |
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Term
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Definition
| Seven-note scale; in non-Western musics, often fashioned from a different combination of intervals than major and minor scales. |
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Term
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Definition
| Musical interval smaller than a semitone, prevalent in some non-Western musics and in some twentieth-century art music. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small alteration of the pitch by a microtonal interval. See also blue note. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the diatonic system, chords which need to resolve the tonic chord. These include the dominant chord and the subdominant chord. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chord that achieves a sense of resolution or completion, normally the tonic. |
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Term
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Definition
| The fifth scale step, sol. |
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Term
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Definition
| The fourth scale step, fa. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of changing from one key to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Shifting a piece of music to a different pitch level. |
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Term
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Definition
| The interweaving of melodic (horizontal) and harmonic (vertical) elements in the musical fabric. |
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Term
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Definition
| Single-line texture, or melody without accompaniment. |
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Term
| heterophonic (heterophony |
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Definition
| Texture in which two or more voices (or parts) elaborate the same melody simultaneously, often the result of improvisation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Creation of a musical composition whilte it is being performed, seen in Baroque ornamentation, cadenzas of concertos, jazz, and some non-Western musics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two or more melodic lines combined into a multivoiced texture, as distinct from monophonic. |
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Term
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Definition
| The art of combining in a single texture two or more melodic lines. |
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Term
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Definition
| Texture with principal melody and accompanying harmony, as distinct from polyphony. |
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Term
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Definition
| Texture in which all voices, or lines, move together in the same rhythm. |
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Term
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Definition
Melodic idea presented in once voice and then restated in another, each part continuing as others enter.
Page 28 |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of polyphonic composition in which one musical line imitates another at a fixed distance throughout. |
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Term
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Definition
| Perpetual canon at the unison in which each voice enters in succession with the same melody (for example, Row, Row, Row Your Boat). |
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Term
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Definition
| Structure and design in music, based on repetition, contrast, and variation; the organzing principle of music. |
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Term
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Definition
| A compositional technique whereby a passage or section is restated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of opposing musical elements to emphasize difference and variety. |
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Term
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Definition
Song structure in which the same music is repeated with every stanza (strophe) of the poem.
Page 30 |
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Term
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Definition
| The compositional procedure of altering a pre-existing musical idea. See also theme and variations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two-part (A-B) form with each section normally repeated. Also two-part form. |
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Term
| thematic development/thematic transformation |
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Definition
| Musical expansion of a theme by varying its melodic outline, harmony, or rhythm. Also thematic transformation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Restatement of an idea or motive at a different pitch level. |
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Term
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Definition
Short melodic or rhythmic idea; the smallest fragment of a theme that forms a melodic-harmonic-rhythmic unit.
Page 33 |
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Term
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Definition
Performance style with a singing leader who is imitated by a chorus of followers. Also responsorial singing.
Page 34 |
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Term
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Definition
| Singing, especially in Gregorian chant, in which a soloist or a group of soloists alternates with the choir. See also call-and-response. |
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Term
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Definition
| General term describing the standard character of a work. |
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Term
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Definition
| Religious or spiritual music, for church or devotional use. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nonreligous music; when texted, usually in the vernacular. |
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Term
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Definition
| Large work for orchestra, generally in three or four movements. |
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Term
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Definition
| Structure and design in music, based on repetition, contrast, and variation; the organizing principle of music |
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Term
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Definition
| Performing forces employed in a certain musical work. |
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Term
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Definition
| Performing forces employed in a certain musical work. |
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Term
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Definition
| Preservation of music without the aid of written notation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Characteristic manner of presentation of musical elements (melody, rhythm, harmony, dynamics, form, etc.). |
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Term
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Definition
| Fairly large group of singers who perform together, usually with several on each part. Also a choral movement of a large-scale work. In jazz, a single statement of the melodic-harmonic pattern. |
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Term
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Definition
A group of singers who perform together, usually in parts, with several on each part; often associated with a church.
Page 53 |
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Term
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Definition
| Abbreviation for the standard voices in a chorus or choir: Soparano, Alto, Tenor, Bass; may also refer to instrumental ranges. |
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Term
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Definition
| Choral music performed without instrumental accompaniment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small vocal ensemble that specializes in a capella secular works. |
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Term
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Definition
Small group of up to about twenty-four singers, who usually perform a capella or with piano accompaniment.
Page 53 |
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Term
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Definition
| Ensemble music for up to about ten players, with one player to a part. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chamber music ensemble consisting of two violins, viola, and cello. Also a multimovement composition for this ensemble. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Standard chamber ensemble of piano with violin and cello. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chamber music for five instruments or voices. See also brass quintet, piano quintet, string quintet and woodwind quintet. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Standard chamber ensemble made up of either two violins, two violas, and cello or two violins, viola, and two cellos. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chamber music for six instruments or voices. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chamber music for seven instruments or voices. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chamber music for eight instruments or voices. |
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Term
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Definition
| Standard chamber ensemble consisting of one of each of the following: flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, and horn (not a woodwind instrument). |
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Term
|
Definition
| Standard chamber ensemble made up of two trumpets, horn, trombone, and tuba. |
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Term
| concert band/wind ensemble |
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Definition
| Instrumental ensemble ranging from forty to eighty memebers or more, consisting of wind and percussion instruments. Also wind ensemble. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Instrumental ensemble for entertainment at sports events and parades, consisting of wind and percussion instruments, drum majors/majorettes, and baton twirlers. |
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Term
|
Definition
Instrumental ensemble made up of reed (saxophones and clarinets), brass (trumpets and trombones), and rhythm sections (percussion, piano, double bass, and sometimes guitar.)
Page 58 |
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Term
|
Definition
Popular music ensemble that depends on amplified strings, percussion, and electronically generated sounds.
Page 58 |
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Term
|
Definition
The first-chair violinist of a symphony orchestra |
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Term
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Definition
| Early Baroque keyboard instrument in which the strings are plucked by quills instead of being struck with hammers like the piano. Also clavecin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Wind instrument in which air is fed to the pipes by mechanical means; the pipes are controlled by two or more keyboards and a set of pedals. |
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Term
|
Definition
Forerunner of the modern piano (also fortepiano).
Page 51 |
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Term
|
Definition
Keyboard instrument whose strings are struck with hammers controlled by a keyboard mechanism; pedals control dampers in the strings that stop the sound when the finger releases the key.
Page 51 |
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Term
|
Definition
Musical ensemble of Java or Bali, made up of gongs, chimes, metallophones, and drums, among other instruments.
Page 51 |
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Term
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Definition
| Percussion instrument consisting of a broad circular disk of metal, suspended in a frame and struck with a heavy drumstick. Also tam-tam. |
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Term
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Definition
| Percussion instruments consisting of two large circular brass plates of equal size that are struck sidewise against each other. |
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Term
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Definition
| Percussion instrument consisting of a slender rod of steel bent in the shape of a triangle, struck with a steel beater. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Percussion instruments consisting of small wooden clappers that are struck together. They are widely used to accompany Spanish dancing. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Percussion instrument consisting of a small, round drum with metal plates inserted in its rim; played by striking or shaking. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cylindrical drum without snares. |
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Term
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Definition
Percussion instrument played with a large, soft-headed stick; the largest orchestral drum.
Percussion instrument played with a large, soft-headed stick; the largest orchestral drum. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Percussion instrument, larger than the snare drum, with a wooden shell. |
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Term
|
Definition
Small cylindrical drum with two heads stretched over a metal shell, the lower head having strings across it. Also side drum.
Page 50 |
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Term
|
Definition
Percussion instrument of definite pitch that consists of a set of tuned metal tubes of various lengths suspended from a frame and struck with a hammer. Also tubular bells.
Page 50 |
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Term
|
Definition
| Percussion instrument resembling a minitature upright piano, with tuned metal plates struck by hammers that are operated by a keyboard. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Percussion instrument with horizontal, tuned steel bars of various sizes that are struck with mallets and produce a bright, metallic sound. |
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Term
|
Definition
| percussion instrument with metal bars and electrically driven rotating propellers under each bar that produces a vibrato sound, much used in jazz. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Percussion instrument that is a mellower version of the xylophone; of African origin. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Percussion instrument consisting of tuned blocks of wood suspended on a frame, laid out in the shape of a keyboard and struck with hard mallets. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Percussion instrument consisting of a hemispheric copper shell with a head of plastic or calfskin, held in place by a metal ring and played with soft or hard padded sticks. A pedal mechanism changes the tension of the head, and with it the pitch. Also kettledrums. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Brass instrument adapted from the tuba with a forward bell that is coiled to rest over the player's shoulder for ease of carrying while marching. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Tenor-range brass instrument resembling the tuba. Also baritone horn. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Valved brass instrument resembling a bugle with a wide bell, used in jazz and commercial music. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Brass instrument that evolved from the earlier military, or field, trumpet. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bass-range brass instrument that changes pitch through valves. |
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Term
|
Definition
Tenor-range brass instrument that changes pitch by means of a movable double slide; there is also a bass version.
Page 49 |
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Term
|
Definition
Medium-range valved brass instrument that can be played "stopped" with the hand as well as open. Also French horn.
Page 48 |
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Term
|
Definition
| Highest-pitched brass instrument that changes pitch through valves.Page 48 |
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Term
|
Definition
| The placement of the lips, lower facial muscles, and jaws in playing a wind instrument.Page 48 |
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Term
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Definition
| Family of single-reed woodwind instruments commonly used in the concert and jazz band.Page 48 |
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Term
|
Definition
| Double-reed woodwind instrument with the lowest range in the woodwind family.Page 48 |
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Term
|
Definition
| Double-reed woodwind instrument with a low range.Page 48 |
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Term
|
Definition
| Woodwind instrument with the lowest range of the clarinet family.Page 48 |
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Term
|
Definition
| Single-reed woodwind instrument with a wide range of sizes.Page 48 |
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Term
|
Definition
| The wide or bulbed opening at the end of a wind instrument.Page 48 |
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Term
|
Definition
| Double-reed woodwind instrument, larger and lower in range than the oboe.Page 48 |
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Term
|
Definition
| Soprano-range, double-reed woodwind instrument.Page 48 |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Smallest woodwind instrument, similar to the flute but sounding an octave higher.Page 48 |
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Term
|
Definition
| Soprano-range woodwind instrument, usually made of metal and held horizontally.Page 47 |
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Term
|
Definition
| Plucked-string instrument with a rounded body and fingerboard; used in some folk musics and in country-western music.Page 46 |
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Term
|
Definition
| Plucked-string instrument with round body in the form of a single-headed drum and a long, fretted neck; brough to the Americas by African slaves.Page 46 |
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Term
|
Definition
| A guitar designed for electronic amplification.Page 45 |
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Term
|
Definition
| Plucked-string instrument originally made of wood with a hollow resonating body and fretted fingerboard; types include acoustic and electric.Page 45 |
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Term
|
Definition
| Broken chord in which the individual tones are sounded one after another instead of simultaneously.Page 45 |
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Term
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Definition
| Plucked-string instrument, triangular in shape with strings perpendicular to the soundboard.Page 45 |
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Term
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Definition
| Individual pure sounds that are part of any musical tone; in string instruments, crystalline tones in the very high register, produced by lightly touching a vibrating string at a certain point. Page 45 |
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanical device used to muffle the sound of an instrument.Page 45 |
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Term
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Definition
| Playing four notes simultaneously on a string instrument.Page 45 |
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Term
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Definition
| playing three notes simultaneously on a string instrument.Page 45 |
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Term
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Definition
| Playing two notes simultaneously on a string instrument.Page 45 |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid slide through pitches of a scale.Page 45 |
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Term
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Definition
| Performance direction to pluck a string of a bowed instrument with the finger.Page 45 |
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Term
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Definition
| Short, detached notes, marked with a dot above then.Page 45 |
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Term
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Definition
| Smooth and connected; opposite of staccato.Page 45 |
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Term
| Double bass/contrabass/bass viol |
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Definition
| Largest and lowest-pitched member of the bowed string family. Also called contrabass or bass viol.Page 44 |
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Term
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Definition
| Bowed-string instrument with a middle-to-low range and dark, rich sonority; lower than a viola. Also cello.Page 44 |
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Term
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Definition
| To perform the same notes with more than one voice or instrument, either at the same pitch level or an octave higher or lower.Page 44 |
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Term
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Definition
| Bowed-string instrument of middle range; the second-highest member of the violin family.Page 44 |
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Term
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Definition
| Soprano, or highest-ranged, member of the bowed-string instrument family.Page 44 |
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Term
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Definition
| To sound the strings of an instrument using fingers or a plectrum or pick.Page 43 |
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Term
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Definition
| A slightly curved stick with hair or fibers attached at both ends, drawn over the strings of an instrument to set them in motion.Page 43 |
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanism that generates musical vibrations and transmits them into the air.Page 39 |
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Term
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Definition
| Specific area in the range of an instrument or voice.Page 39 |
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Term
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Definition
| Highest-ranged voice, normally possessed by women or boys.Page 40 |
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Term
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Definition
| Female voice of the middle range.Page 40 |
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Term
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Definition
| Lowest of the female voices. Also contralto.Page 40 |
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Term
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Definition
| Male voice of high range. Also a part, often structural, in polyphony.Page 40 |
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Term
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Definition
| Male voice of the moderately low range.Page 40 |
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Term
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Definition
| Lowest of the male voices.Page 40 |
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Term
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Definition
| Small fluctuation of pitch used as an expressive device to intensify a sound.Page 40 |
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Term
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Definition
| Instruments such as a flute, whistle, or horn that produce sound by usint air as the primary vibrating means.Page 41 |
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Term
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Definition
| Instrument that produces sound from a vibrating string stretched between two points; the string may be set in motion by bowing, striking, or plucking.Page 41 |
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Term
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Definition
| Instrument that produces sound from the substance of the instrument itself by being struck, blown, shaken, scraped, or rubbed. Examples inlude bells, rattles, xylophones, and cymbals.Page 41 |
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Term
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Definition
| Any instrument that produces sound tightly stretched membranes that can be struck, plucked, rubbed, or sung into (setting the skin in vibration).Page 41 |
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Term
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Definition
Rate of speed or pace of music.
Page 35 |
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Term
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Definition
Element of musical expression relating to the degree of loudness or softness, or volume, of a sound.
Page 36 |
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