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| accenting certain beats in the meter that are orriginally unaccented, used in jazz a lot |
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| ordered pitches that provide the pitch material for the music |
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| 7 pitch scale represented by only the white keys on the piano |
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| 12 pitch scale that are represented by all of the black and white keys from C to C |
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| the succession of pitches in a piece |
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| the vertical aspect of music, multiple chords being played at the same time |
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| a certain section of a melody |
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| a note or chord with the feeling of conclusiveness to the piece |
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| a short fragment that is distinct and recognizable in a longer piece such as a symphony and is broght back many times throughout |
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| the basic subject matter of a piece of work, it can be a phrase, a short motive or a full tune |
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| stabe sounding chord progressions |
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| opposite of consonance- unstable and tense chord progressions |
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| the feeling of centrality of one note to a passage of music |
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| one of 12 positions in the major or minor mode made possible using all of the notes of the chromatic scale |
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| the changing of a key within the piece |
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| type of music determined by the type of instruments used, number/sounds of voices, form, style, or purpose |
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| the combination of qualities that make a period of art, composer, or a group of works distictive |
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| official music of the catholic church in the middle ages, using just voice- also known as Gregorian Chant |
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| the music written for a roman catholic service-5 sections: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei |
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| a piece with a single melody- plainchant |
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| musical texture in which two or more melodic lines are played or sung simultaneously as opposed to a single melody |
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| a musical texture involving one main melody but accompanied by chords or other subsidary sounds |
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| "new art" or "new technique" new polyphonic music of the 14th century |
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| the earliest genre of medieval polyphony, a plain chant melody accompanied by an organ |
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| matching the music to the meaning of the word heaven=twinkling or a rise in the music etc |
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| making the words clearly heard, words are sung to rhythms that approximated normal speech |
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| a sacred poem in Latin or French, later became love poems or political satires |
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| music from the period of aprox. 1600-1750- used excess and extravagance |
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| a set of chords continuously underlying the melody in a piece of baroque music- usually a harpsichord, organ, or cello |
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| one chord following another in a newly predictable and purposeful way, used to organize large scale pieces |
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| a drama presented in music with the characters singing instead of speaking- the most characteristic art form of the Baroque period |
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| used in the opera to move the action along, usually a conversation, less music |
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| an extended piece for a solo singer in an opera, more like a song, expresses emotion |
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| a person who is excellent/above others in their skill set for a certain musical instrument |
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| what historians called the Baroque period, the time of belief in the devine right of king, the king's rule was absoute because they were chosen by God. Most powerful Louis XIV of France |
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| what scientists called the Baroque period, calculus was invented , Newton's laws, and discoveries with telescopes and microscopes |
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| highly prized skill of opera singers and other musicians, improvising extra melodic notes at the end of a phrase |
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| most important genre in the Baroque period, a large composition for an orchestra and a solost or multiple soloists (concerto grosso) |
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| a self contained section of a larger piece, like a symphony or in a mass |
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| the name for the orchestral music that typically starts the movement off. Contrast between two musical ideas, one belonging to the orchestra and the other to the soloist(s) |
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| systematized imitative polyphony, a polyphonic composition for a fixed number of instrumental lines or voices- usually three or four- built on a single principle or theme |
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| i a fugue the subject appears again and again in each of the instrumental or vocal lines |
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| the beginning of the fugue in which all the voices present the subject in an orderly standardized way |
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| a large orchestral work with several movements |
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| exposition (A)/development (B)/recapitulation (A), the opening in every symphony is in sonata form |
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| main theme, the bridge or transition, second group (second theme with the cadence theme) changes key at some point |
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| various themes are developed and then a retransition into the recapitulation |
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| first theme, second theme, cadence theme (similar to the exposition but does not change key |
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| music designed to be played in a small room or hall, played by 2-9 players such as string quartets or piano trios |
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| a genre for 4 instruments- 2 violins, a viola and a cello |
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| comedy opera- Don Giovanni written by Mozart |
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| a German song from the romantic time period, nearly always accompanied by a piano alone, usually a romantic poem |
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| short romantic piano piece, each portrays some definite mood or character |
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| robbed time, the free treatment of meter in performance of a piece |
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| a style that employs all 12 notes of the chromatic scale- all romantic composers pursued chromaticism to some extent- able to express a larger range of harmonies and melodies |
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| wagner's term for his musical dramas "total work of art" |
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| non-vocal music written in association with a poem, a story, or some other literary source |
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| the varition-like procedure in romantic music where short themes are freely varied at relatively wide and unpredictable interval of time |
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| pieces lasting only a few minutes, mostly songs and short piano pieces designed to portray a particular emotion |
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| type of lied in which all of the stanzas are set to the same music |
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| type of lied in which each stanza had new music |
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| " fixed idea" the term coined by Berlioz for a recurring theme used in all the movements of one of his program symphonies |
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| a musical motive associated with some person, thing, idea, or symbol in the drama, used in Wagner's pieces to guide the listeners through the story |
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| people became more aware of their national character and began to prize their distinctive artistic heritages more and more, incorporates national folk music into concerts, songs, opera, etc |
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| a term embraced by radical artists and intellectuals to represent their activity "in the most advanced style" |
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| a movement in the arts towards radical experimentation, anti-traditionalism |
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| expressed the most extreme human feeling by divorcing art from everyday literalness (very extreme) |
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| artists called themselves "realists" works of art were much more down to earth and not over emotional like the art of the romantic period |
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| the absence of any tonality music reached a point in the modern era where not tonal center could be detected |
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| emancipation of the dissonance |
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| freedom to have dissonance without having consonance following right after, having a feeling of being unresolved |
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| a method created by Schoenburg for composing with the twelve tones solely in relation to one another, not at all in relation to a central pitch |
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| a vocal style developed by Schoenberg in between speaking and singing |
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| electronic music- sounds of life incorporated into compositions using actual sound as contrasted with abstract products of electronic sound generators |
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| a response to modernism- a style involving many repetitions of simple musical fragments |
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