Term
| Hard tissue that makes up most of the skeletal system? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What ligaments allow stretching? |
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Definition
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Term
| What ligaments provide stability? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does an (ESR) Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate test? |
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Definition
| Measures inflammation, will be increases with rheumatoid and decreases with osteoarthritis. |
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Term
| What does a (CRP) C-reactive protein determination test for? |
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Definition
| Inflammation (more generalized) |
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Term
| What does (RF) Rheumatoid Factor test for? |
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Definition
| Measures antibodies that are present with rheumatoid arthritis. |
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Term
| What does (ANA) Antinuclear antibody test? |
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Definition
| Antibodies, will be decrease with lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. |
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Term
| What test is used to detect gout? |
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Definition
| Creatinine and uric acid levels. |
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Term
Dye is injected into the knee and then
x-rayed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Dye is injected into the vertebrae and then x-rayed? |
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Definition
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Term
| An external incision is made to visualize joint? |
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Definition
Arthroscopy
*signed consent |
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Term
| Dye is injected into blood stream to look at blood flow. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- inflammation
- change the immune system |
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Term
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) help? |
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Definition
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Term
| Biologic response modifiers (BRMs) help? |
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Definition
| - inflammation by targeting the immune system with Rheumatoid Arthritis. |
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Term
| Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitors help? |
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Definition
Inflammation
* has less GI complications then NSAIDS |
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Term
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Definition
| decreases uric acid levels with gout |
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Term
| Bone reabsorption inhibitors help? |
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Definition
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Term
| Shock absorbing protection (cartilage) is lost causing pain and inflammation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Osteoarthritis caused by age? |
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Definition
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Term
| Osteoarthritis caused by an outside source? |
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Definition
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Term
| Risk factors for osteoarthritis? |
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Definition
- obesity
- poor posture
- occupational stress |
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Term
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Definition
- pain in affected joints
- stiffness, limitation of movement
- mild tenderness
- swelling
- Deformity or enlargement of joints
- warmth over joints
- pain increased with activity
- pain decreased with rest
- mild pain in the morning |
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Term
| Diagnosis with osteoarthritis? |
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Definition
- arthroscopy and MRI
- synovial fluid aspiration
- health history and radiographic studies |
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Term
| Treatment for osteoarthritis? |
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Definition
- weight reduction
- regular exercise
- heat application
- regular rest periods
- analgesics
- joint replacement (arthroplasty) |
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Term
| What is most important with a hip replacement? |
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Definition
| - proper alignment, use abduction pillow |
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Term
Chronic autoimmune disorder that is progressive and causes systemic inflammatory?
- common in females 30-60
- may lead to crippling
- may have periods of remission and exacerbation. |
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Definition
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Term
| S/S of Rheumatoid Arthritis? |
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Definition
- pain in affected joints, aggravated by movements
- morning stiffness lasting more than 1 hour
- weakness
- easily fatigued
- anorexia
- weight loss
- muscle aches and tenderness
- symmetric joint changes
- warmth and swelling of joints
- Rheumatoid nodules
- inflammation in tissues of heart, lung, kidneys, and eyes |
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Term
| What is the different between Osteoarthritis and RA when giving corticosteroids? |
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Definition
Osteo: give corticosteroids injection directly into the joint
RA: give oral form of corticosteroids (systemic) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| MRI: show decreased cartilage between joints |
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Term
| Nursing interventions for RA? |
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Definition
- rest and exercise (swimming is good)
- proper body alignment
- heat/ cold application
- physical therapy |
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Term
| In 30's bone absorption rate begins to exceed bone formation results in reduction of total bone mass. Bones become porous, brittle, and fragile? |
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Definition
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Term
| Osteoporosis pts are at risk for? |
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Definition
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Term
| Risk factors for Osteoporosis? |
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Definition
- inadequate calcium or Vit D
- estrogen deficiency
- long term corticosteroid use |
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Term
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Definition
- back pain
- fractures
- loss of height
- Kyphosis: deterioration of vertebral
support
- poor fitting dentures |
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Term
| Osteoporosis effects what in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| Diagnosis of Osteoporosis? |
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Definition
- DEXA Scan
- Bone Specimen: needle inserted into hip to collect bone |
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Term
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Definition
Main test for Osteoporosis.
X-ray that measures bone mass in hips and spine.
1.0 or > = normal
-1.0 to -2.5 = decrease bone mass
-2.5 or < = osteoporosis |
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Term
| Treatment for Osteoporosis? |
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Definition
- diet high in calcium and vit D
- calcium supplements
- estrogen replacement
- regular exercise
- Vertebroplasty: inject needle into affected vertebra with cement like substance and decompresses vertebrae |
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Term
| This disorder is characterized by hyperuricemia, almost exclusive to men, can affect any joint in the body but big toe is most frequent, may have genetic/ environmental factors? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 stages of Gout? |
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Definition
1. Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia
2. Acute gouty arthritis: s/s with phase
3. Asymptomatic intercritical periods: remission phase
4. Chronic tophaceous goat: causes tophi (white hard nodules around joints) |
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Term
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Definition
- elevated uric acid level
- crushing, severe pain in joint, most often at night
- pain disappears
- Tophi develop |
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Term
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Definition
- urine uric acid test: 24hr urine sample
- urate crystals in synovial fluid |
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Term
| What medication gets rid of gout? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Colchicine: decreases inflammation
Indomethacin: COX-2 inhibitor |
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Term
| Nursing interventions for gout? |
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Definition
- avoid foods high in protein
- encourage fluids
- rest during attack and elevate extremity
- monitor for urinary stones |
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