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| Moving the extremity medially, toward the midline |
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| Moving the extremity laterally, away from the midline |
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| a wasting or decrease in size or physiologic activity of a part of the body because of disease or other influences. A skeletal muscle may undergo atrophy as a result of lack of physical exercise or neurologic or musculoskeletal disease. Cells of the brain and central nervous system may atrophy in old age because of restricted blood flow to those areas. |
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| an abnormal cartilaginous or bony enlargement of a proximal interphalangeal joint of a finger, usually occurring in degenerative diseases of the joints, such as rheumatoid arthritis. |
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| Hypertrophy of the epithelium develops because of prolonged pressure, commonly on the plantar surface of the first metatarsal head in the hallux valgus deformity. The condition is not painful. |
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Moving the extremity in a conical fashion so the distal aspect moves in a circle
one of the four basic movements allowed by the various joints of the skeleton. It is a combination of abduction, adduction, extension, and flexion. An example is the motion of a bone whose head articulates with a cavity, such as the femur with the acetabulum. The motion of the bone circumscribes a cone, the apex of which is in the cavity and the base of which is described by the distal end of the bone |
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| a clicking sound often heard in movement of joints, for example in temporomandibular joint resulting from joint irregularities. |
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Away from the center of the body.
away from or the farthest from a point of origin or attachment. |
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Flexing the foot at the ankle so that the toes move toward chest
Decreasing the joint angle |
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Definition
| Tilting the sole of foot outward with the medial side of the foot lowered |
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Definition
| Rotating the extremity laterally along its own axis |
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Definition
Bending a joint so the articulating bones are moved away from each other
Increasing the joint angle |
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Definition
| a localized uncoordinated, uncontrollable twitching of a single muscle group innervated by a single motor nerve fiber or filament that may be palpated and seen under the skin. In anesthesia it refers to muscle twitches that occur with administration of the depolariating muscle relevant succinylcholine. It also may be symptomatic of a number of disorders, including dietary deficiency, cerebral palsy, fever, neuralgia, polio, rheumatic heart disease, sodium deficiency, tic, or uremia. |
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Definition
Bending a joint so the articulating bones are moved closer to each other
Decreasing the joint angle |
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Definition
| the manner or style of walking, including rhythm, cadence, and speed |
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Definition
| a deformity in which one or both legs are bent outward at the knee. Also called bowleg. |
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Definition
| a deformity in which the legs are curved inward, so that the knees are close together and strike each other as the person walks, and the ankles are widely separated. Also called knock-knee,valgus deformity. |
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Definition
| an instrument used to measure angles, particularly range-of-motion angles of a joint. |
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Definition
| an abnormal cartilaginous or bony enlargement of a distal interphalangeal joint of a finger, usually occurring in degenerative diseases of the joints. |
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Definition
| Extension beyond the neutral (180) position |
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| an increase in the size of an organ caused by an increase in the size of the cells rather than the number of cells. The cells of the heart and kidney are particularly prone to hypertrophy. Also called overgrowth. |
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| the turning of a limb about its axis of rotation toward the midline of the body. |
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Definition
| Tilting the sole of the foot inward with the lateral side of the foot lowered |
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Definition
Excessive convexity of the thoracic spine
Forward and downward hunching of head, neck, shoulders
“Hunchback” |
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Definition
Excessive concavity of the lumbar spine
“Swayback” |
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Definition
| diffuse muscle pain, usually accompanied by malaise. |
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Definition
| a resistance to flexion of the neck, a condition seen in patients with meningitis. |
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Definition
Wrist flexed and dorsum of hands pressed together
Hold for 1 minute
Sensations of numbness and paresthesia in palmar aspects of hand, especially the first 3 fingers
Positive sign is associated with carpal tunnel syndrome |
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Definition
Moving the foot at the ankle so the toes move away from chest
Pointing toes |
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Definition
| a congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of more than the normal number of fingers or toes. The condition is usually inherited as an autosomal dominant characteristic and can usually be corrected by surgery shortly after birth |
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| Rotating forearm medially so palm faces down |
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Definition
Close to the center of the body.
nearer to a point of reference or attachment, usually the trunk of the body, than other parts of the body. Proximal interphalangeal joints are those closest to the hand or the surface of a tooth in relation to the abutting tooth nearer or farther from the anteroposterior median plane. |
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| abbreviation for range of motion. |
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Definition
| one of the four basic movements allowed by the various joints of the skeleton. It is the gyration of a bone around its central axis, which may lie in a separate bone, as in the pivot formed by the dens of the axis around which the atlas turns. Some bones, such as the humerus, rotate around their own longitudinal axis. Alternatively, the axis of rotation may not be quite parallel to the long axis of the rotating bone, as in movement of the radius on the ulna during pronation and supination of the hand. |
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Definition
Lateral curvature of the spine
Becomes accentuated on forward flexion at the waist |
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Definition
| Rotating forearm laterally so palm faces up |
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| a congenital anomaly characterized by the fusion of the fingers or toes. It varies in degree of severity from incomplete webbing of the skin of two digits to complete union of digits and fusion of the bones and nails. |
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Definition
Strike the median nerve
Tingling or prickling sensation radiating from wrist to the hand especially to the thumb, index and middle fingers
Positive sign is associated with carpal tunnel syndrome |
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