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Musculoskeletal system terms
Med Terms Ch 4- Musculoskeletal
93
Biology
Professional
09/16/2012

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Term

Ankyl/o

 

Definition
crooked or stiff
Term

arthr/o,

articul/o

Definition
joint
Term
brachi/o
Definition
arm
Term
cervi/o
Definition
neck
Term
chondr/o
Definition
cartilage (gristle)
Term
cost/o
Definition

rib

 

Term
crani/o
Definition
skull
Term
dactyl/o
Definition

digit

(finger or toe)

Term
fasci/o
Definition

fascia

(a band)

Term
femor/o
Definition
femor
Term
fibr/o
Definition
fiber
Term
kyph/o
Definition
humped-back
Term
lei/o
Definition
smooth
Term
lord/o
Definition
bent
Term
lumb/o
Definition

loin

(lower back)

Term

my/o,myos/o

muscul/o

Definition
muscle
Term
myel/o
Definition

bone marrow

or

spinal cord

Term
oste/o
Definition
bone
Term
patell/o
Definition
knee cap
Term
pelv/i
Definition

pelvis

or

hip bone

Term
radi/o
Definition
radius
Term
rhabd/o
Definition

rod-shaped

or

striated(skeletal)

Term
sarc/o
Definition
flesh
Term
scoli/o
Definition
twisted
Term

spondyl/o

vertebr/o

Definition
vertebra
Term
stern/o
Definition

sternum

(breastbone)

Term

ten/o, tend/o,

tendin/o

Definition

tendon

(to stretch)

Term
thorac/o
Definition
chest
Term
ton/o
Definition
tone or tension
Term
uln/o
Definition
ulna
Term
Appendicular skeleton
Definition
bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities
Term
axial skeleton
Definition
bones of the skull, vertebrae
Term
bone
Definition
specialized connective tissue composed of osterocytes
Term
compact bone
Definition
tightly solid bone tissue that forms the exterior of bones
Term

spongy bone,

cancellous bone

Definition
mesh-like bone tissue in the interior of bones
Term
long bones
Definition
bones of arms and legs
Term
short bones
Definition
bones of wrist and ankles
Term
flat bones
Definition
bones of ribs, shoulder, pelvis, and skull
Term
irregular bones
Definition
bones of the vertebrae and face
Term
sesamoid bones
Definition
round bones found near joints (patella)
Term
epiphysis
Definition
wide ends of a long bone
Term
diaphysis
Definition
shaft of a long bone
Term
metaphysis
Definition
growth zone btwn the epiphysis and the diaphysis during development of a long bone
Term
endosteum
Definition
membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone
Term

medullary cavity

 

Definition
cavity w/in the shaft of the long bones; filled with bone marrow
Term
Bone marrow
Definition
soft connective tissue within the medullary cavity of bones
Term
red bone marrow
Definition
functions to form red blood cells, some white blood cells, and platelets
Term
yellow bone marrow
Definition
gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones; functions as fat storage
Term
periosteum
Definition
a fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the bone
Term
articular cartilage
Definition
a gristle-like substance on bones where they articulate
Term
articulation
Definition
a joint; point where two bones come together
Term
bursa
Definition
fibrous sac btwn certain tendons and bones that is lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid
Term
disk
Definition
a flat, plate-like structure composed of fibrocartilaginoius tissue btwn the vertebrae
Term
nucleus pulposus
Definition
the soft, fibrocartilaginous central portion of intervertebral disk
Term
ligament
Definition
a flexable band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone
Term
synovial membrane
Definition
membrane lining the capsule of a joint
Term
synovial fluid
Definition
joint-lubricating fluid
Term
tendon
Definition
a band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone
Term
fascia
Definition
a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle
Term

coronal plane,

frontal plane

Definition
vertical division of the body into front(anterior) and back (posterior) portions
Term
sagittal plane
Definition
vertical division of the body into right and left portions
Term
transverse plane
Definition
horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions
Term
anterior
Definition
front of the body
Term
ventral
Definition
front of the body
Term
posterior
Definition
back of the body
Term
dorsal
Definition
back of the body
Term
anterior-posterior
Definition
from front to back
Term
posterior-anterior
Definition
from back to front
Term
superior
Definition
situated above another structure, toward the head
Term
cephalic
Definition
situated above another structure, toward the head
Term
inferior
Definition
situated below another structure, away from the head
Term
caudal
Definition
situated below another structure, away from the head
Term
proximal
Definition
toward the beginning or origin of a structure
Term
distal
Definition
away from the beginning or origin of a structure
Term
medial
Definition
toward the middle (midline)
Term
lateral
Definition
toward the side
Term
axis
Definition
the imaginary line that runs through the center of the body or a body part
Term
erect
Definition
normal standing position
Term
decubitus
Definition
lying down, especially in a bed
Term
prone
Definition
lying face down and flat
Term
recumbent
Definition
lying down
Term
supine
Definition

horizontal recumbent; lying flat on the back

(on the spine)

Term
flexion
Definition
bending at the joint so that the angle btwn the bones is decreased
Term
extension
Definition
straightening at the joint so that the angle btwn the bones is increased
Term
abduction
Definition
movement away from the body
Term
adduction
Definition
movement toward the body
Term
rotation
Definition
circular movement around an axis
Term
eversion
Definition
turning outward
Term
inversion
Definition
turning inward
Term
supination
Definition
turning of the palmer surface(palm) upward
Term
pronation
Definition
turning of the palmer surface(palm) downward
Term
dorsiflexion
Definition
bending of the foot or the toes upward
Term
plantar flexion
Definition
bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground
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