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bone mineral density
A bone mineral density test measures the density of minerals (such as calcium) in your bones using a special X-ray or computed tomography (CT) scan. This information is used to estimate the strength of your bones. |
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first cervical vertebra, second cervical vertebra, ect.
7 cervical vertebrae |
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| degenerative joint disease |
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dual-energy absorptiometry
An imaging technique that uses two low-dose x-ray beams with different levels of energy to produce a detailed image of body components, used primarily to measure bone mineral density. |
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fracture
Colles' fracture, comminuted fracture, closed (simple) fracture) compound fracture, compression fracture, greenstick fracture, impacted fracture, oblique fracture, pathologic fracture, spiral fracture, stress fracture, transverse fracture |
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herniated nucleus pulposus
Rupture or prolapse of the nucleus pulposus into the spinal canal, or against the spinal cord.
Nucleus pulposus is the jelly-like substance in the middle of the spinal disc. It is the remnant of the notochord. It functions to distribute hydraulic pressure in all directions within each disc under compressive loads. |
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juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
Chronic form of arthritis with inflammation of the joints, swelling, stiffness, pain and changes in the cartilage that can result in crippling deformities; an autoimmune disease. |
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first lumbar vertebra, second lumbar vertebra, ect.
5 lumbar vertebrae |
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nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Mild pain relief, anti-inflammatory properties;
ibuprofen, Advil, Motrin; naproxen, Aleve, Naprosyn; salicylates, Asprin |
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osteoarthritis
Arthritis resulting in degeneration of the bones & joints, especially those bearing weight. Results in bone rubbing against bone. |
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open reduction-internal fixation
Open reduction: surgical incision made to correct a fracture by realigning the bone fragments.
(Closed reduction: without entering the body)
Internal fixation: a procedure to stabilize a fractured bone while it heals. Using pins, plates, rods, screws, and wires.
(External fixation: casts, splints, pins inserted through skin.) |
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orthopedics
Orth/o (straight)
The branch of medicine dealing with the correction of deformities of bones or muscles. |
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rheumatoid arthritis
Chronic form of arthritis with inflammation of the joints, swelling, stiffness, pain and changes in the cartilage that can result in crippling deformities; an autoimmune disease. |
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systemic lupus erythematosus
Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of connective tissue affects many systems that may include joint pain & arthritis. May be mistaken for rheumatoid arthritis. |
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first thoracic vertebra, second thoracic vertebra, ect.
12 thoracic vertebrae |
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total hip arthroplasty
Surgical reconstruction of a hip by implanting a prosthetic or artificial joint. Also called total hip replacement (THR) |
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total hip replacement
Surgical reconstruction of a hip by implanting a prosthetic or artificial joint. Also called THA (total hip arthroplasty. |
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total knee arthroplasty
Surgical reconstruction of a knee joint by implanting a prosthetic knee joint. Also called TKR |
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total knee replacement
Surgical reconstruction of a knee joint by implanting a prosthetic knee joint. Also called TKA |
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carpal tunnel syndrome
Repetitive motion disorder with pain caused by compression of the finger flexor tendons & median nerve as they pass through the carpal tunnel of the wrist. |
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creatine phosphokinase
Muscle enzyme found in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle. Blood levels become elevated in disorders such as heart attack, muscular dystrophy, and other skeletal muscle pathologies. |
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deep tendon reflex
Muscle contraction in response to a stretch caused by striking the muscle tendon with a reflex hammer. Used to determine if muscles are responding properly. |
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electromyogram
Study & record of the strength & quality of muscle contractions as a result of electrical stimulation. |
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intramuscular
within the muscle |
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muscular dystrophy
Inherited disease causing a progressive muscle degeneration, weakness and atrophy (poor muscle development as a result of muscle disease, nervous system disease, or lack of use; muscle wasting |
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