Term
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Definition
| primarily collagen fibers interweaving in 3 dimensions |
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Term
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Definition
| loosely arranged network of collagen and elastin fibers and cells |
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Term
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Definition
| adipose cells and elastin |
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Term
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Definition
| mainly collagen, some elastin |
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Term
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Definition
parallel arrangement of fibers
white appearance
basically unvarying length
resists tension |
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Term
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Definition
spiral or oblique arrangement of collagen fibers usually crossing joint
tough unyeilding but pliable enough to allow movement |
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Term
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Definition
flat white sheets of mainly collagen fibers regularly arranged
associated with attachments of muscle |
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Term
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Definition
collections of connective tissue permeating all regions of the body
derived from mesodermal cells which have minimally differentiated into less specialized tissue |
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Term
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Definition
loose areolar tissue located between muscle and dermis
thickness variable
allows skin freedom of movement
acts as thermal insulator |
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Term
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Definition
flat sheets of densely arranged collagen with high degree of regularity in orientation
white and shiny
similar to aponeurosis |
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Term
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Definition
extensions of deep fascia
create compartments separating groups of muscles |
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Term
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Definition
localized transverse thickenings of deep fascia attached to bony prominences
prevents bowing of tendons |
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Term
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Definition
loose areolar tissue found between muscles
function to facilitate muscles moving on one another |
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Term
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Definition
irregularly arranged tissue
extensions of deep or subserous fascia |
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Term
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Definition
contiuous fascial layers that form the deepest layers of body wall
line all body cavities |
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Term
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Definition
flattened sacs of snovial membrane supported by dense, irregular CT
has thin film of synovial fluid- lubricant
located near joints
allows for freedom of movement |
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Term
| subcutaneous synovial bursae |
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Definition
| located within superficial fascia where skin must flow freely over bony surface |
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Term
| subtendinous synovial bursae |
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Definition
located between:
- tendons and bone
- tendons and ligaments
- between tendons |
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Term
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Definition
closed double walled cylinders whose layers are separated by thin film of synovial fluid
tendon runs through cylinder
occur where tendonsrun under ligamentous bands to reduce friction |
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Term
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Definition
loose CT found in synovial joints
lined with cells that secrete synovial fluid |
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Term
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Definition
concerned with maintenance of living cells in articular cartilage discs and menisci
lubricant |
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Term
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Definition
| # of bones in appendicular skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
| # of bones in axial skelton |
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Term
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Definition
osteocytes
osteoblasts
osteoclasts |
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Term
| extracellular matrix of bone |
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Definition
| fibrous organic martix permeated by inorganic salts |
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Term
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Definition
| collagen, some non-collagen proteins, mucopolysaccharides |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of matirx which has not yet calcified |
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Term
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Definition
thick and vascular in young bone
2 layer covering on bone
none on articular surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
ivory dense surface of mature bone
withstands torsional stresses
haversian systems |
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Term
| trabecular/spongy/cancellous |
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Definition
meshwork of trabeculae
interior of mature bone
dissipates compressive forces |
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Term
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Definition
elongated tubular shafts
thick cylinder of compact bone
expanded articular ends (epiphysis) |
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Term
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Definition
small geometric shapes
thin cortex of compact bone
interior of trabecular bone |
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Term
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Definition
thin compact layer surrounds inner layer of trabecular bone
protective function |
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Term
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Definition
thick trabecular bone where compression forces are greatest
thick compact bone where torsional forces are greatest |
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Term
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Definition
located within tendons
provide mechanical advantage for pull of muscle |
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Term
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Definition
protuberances on surfaces of bone
sites of muscle attachment
alters line of pull |
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Term
| endochondral ossification |
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Definition
from hyline cartilage
most bone develops this way |
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Term
| intramembranous ossification |
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Definition
| from condensed mesenchyme (connective tissue) |
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Term
| primary center of ossification |
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Definition
appears late in embryonic life or early fetal life
located near the middle of future bone with progressive ossification toward bone ends |
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Term
| secondary centers of ossification |
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Definition
occur in cartilagenous ends of long bones
develop from birth to late teens |
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Term
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Definition
new layers of bony tissue are added on pre-existing surfaces
remodeling dependent upon balance between bone deposition on surfaces and bone removial on other surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| bone grows in length near cartilagenous growth plates |
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Term
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Definition
shaft of the bone
develops from primary center of ossification
mechanical support and housing of bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
expanded end of the bone
develops from secondary center
layer of hyline cartilage remains over the joint surfaces
function- to support joint movement |
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Term
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Definition
hyaline cartilage
bone increases in length until ossification of this |
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Term
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Definition
adjacent to epiphyseal plate
metabolically active region of bone
actively growing part of diapysis |
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Term
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Definition
bony projection that lacks secondary center of ossification
attachment for ligaments and tendons |
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Term
| principal compressive group (supporting bundle) |
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Definition
| from head of femur to inferior neck |
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Term
| secondary compressive group (trochanteric bundle) |
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Definition
| from lesser to greater trochanter |
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Term
| principal tensile group (arcuate bundle) |
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Definition
| from inferior greater trochanter to femoral head |
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Term
| cellular components of cartilage |
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Definition
chondrocytes
chondroblasts |
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Term
| extracellular matrix of cartilage |
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Definition
collagen and elastin
ground substance |
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Term
| interstitial cartilage growth |
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Definition
| mitotic division of chondroblasts throghout thickness of tissue (occurs in epiphyseal plates) |
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Term
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Definition
| proliferation of cells at inner layer of perichondrium |
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Term
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Definition
contains chondrocytes, but matrix is pervaded by elastin fibers
examples:
-external ear
-epiglottis |
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Term
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Definition
dense, white fibrous tissue arranged in bundles with fibroblasts and chondrocytes between the bundles
examples:
-intervertebral disks
-articular discs
-labra
-menisci |
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Term
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Definition
| white fibrocartilage provides this with great tensile strength and high degree of elasticity |
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Term
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Definition
| white fibrocartilage provides this with toughness and sufficient elasticity to resist long term pressure and friction |
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Term
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Definition
firm consistency with considerable elasticity
pearly bluish, translucent appearance, little collagen |
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Term
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Definition
bony surfaces bound together by interosseous ligament
allows for small degree of movement |
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Term
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Definition
limited motion allowed by deformation of connecting fibrocartilagenous disc
amount of motion depends on thickness of the disk |
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Term
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Definition
| temporary cartilagenous (hyaline) joints between diaphysis and epiphysis |
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Term
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Definition
forms link between bones
continuous with adjacent periosteum
interlacing bundles of collagen |
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Term
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Definition
lies beneath articular cartilage
consists of layer of underlying trabecular bone
metabolically active with abundant blood supply |
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Term
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Definition
loose vascular CT
lines non-articular parts of synovial joints
secretes and absorbs synovial fluid
adherent to capsule and non-articular bone |
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Term
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Definition
| where synovial membrane is in direct contact with intra-articular bone not covered by hyaline cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| acculmulations of adipose tissue closely associated with synovial membranes forming flexible cushions and filling in joint spaces |
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Term
| articular discs/menisci (6) |
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Definition
assist in shock absorption
improve fit between joint surfaces
distribute weight over larger surface
protect edges of articular surfaces
limit translational movement
facilitate rolling movements |
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Term
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Definition
fibrocartilaginous structure
forms annular lip, triangular x-section
attached at margins of articular surfaces in some synovial joints
deepens sockets and increases area of contact between articular surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| apposition of fairly flat articular surfaces allowing a translatory motion |
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Term
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Definition
uniaxial
primary movement in one plane, but also some rotation about long axis |
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Term
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Definition
uniaxial
central bony pivot surrounded by osteoligamentous ring
rotation about a longitudinal axis |
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Term
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Definition
biaxial
movement about two axes set at right angles
oval convex male surface and elliptical female concavity |
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Term
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Definition
primarily movement in 1 plane
limited rotation about a 2nd axis set at 90 degrees to the first
2 convex condyles articulate with 2 concave surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
biaxial
concavoconvex surfaces
movement in 2 planes set at 90 degrees from each other |
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Term
| spheroidal joint (ball and socket) |
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Definition
multiaxial 3-degrees of freedom
male globular head articulates with cup-like female body |
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