Term
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Definition
| INDICATED - A congenital fissure in the roof of the mouth, resulting from incomplete fusion of the palate during embryonic development. It may involve only the uvula or extend through the entire palate. |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED - Clubfoot is a condition in which one or both feet are twisted into an abnormal position at birth. The condition is also known as talipes or talipes equinovarus. |
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Term
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Definition
| CONTRAINDICATED - In osteogenesis imperfecta, the collagen produced is abnormal and disorganized. This results in a number of abnormalities throughout the body, the most notable being fragile, easily broken bones. (genetic) |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED – (light pressure) - The word osteoporosis literally means "porous bones." It occurs when bones lose an excessive amount of their protein and mineral content, particularly calcium. Over time, bone mass, and therefore bone strength, is decreased. As a result, bones become fragile and break easily. Even a sneeze or a sudden movement may be enough to break a bone in someone with severe osteoporosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED (if myelomeringocele – light pressure) - Spina bifida is a serious birth abnormality in which the spinal cord is malformed and lacks its usual protective skeletal and soft tissue coverings. |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED - The upper back bone (thoracic region), is normally curved forward. If the curve exceeds 50° it is considered abnormal (kyphotic). |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED - An abnormal forward curvature of the spine in the lumbar region. Also called hollow back, saddle back. |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED - Scoliosis is a lateral (side-to-side) curve in the spine, usually combined with a rotation of the vertebrae. |
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Term
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Definition
| CONTRAINDICATED - rarefying osteitis with fibrous degeneration and formation of cysts and with the presence of fibrous nodules on the affected bones, due to marked osteoclastic activity secondary to hyperparathyroidism. |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED (light pressure) - osteitis defor´mans rarefying osteitis resulting in weakened, deformed bones of increased mass, which may lead to bowing of long bones and deformation of flat bones; when the bones of the skull are affected, deafness may result. |
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Term
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Definition
| CONTRAINDICATED - The purpose of radiation therapy is to kill or damage cancer cells. Radiation therapy is a common form of cancer therapy. It is used in more than half of all cancer cases. uses high energy, penetrating waves or particles such as x rays, gamma rays, proton rays, or neutron rays to destroy cancer cells or keep them from reproducing. |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION if acute - Displacement of a body part, especially the temporary displacement of a bone from its normal position; luxation. |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED - Growing pains are pain symptoms relatively common in children. Typically, they are located in the muscles, rather than the joints, of the leg and less commonly the arm. They are usually felt on both sides, and appear late in the day or at night, waking the child, with pain varying from mild to very severe. Pain is absent by the morning, and there are no objective clinical signs of inflammation. Pain can recur nightly or be absent for days to months. Growing pain is not associated with other serious disease and usually resolves by late childhood, but frequent episodes are capable of having a substantial effect on the life of the child |
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Term
| Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease |
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION (doctor's ok needed) - Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome is a form of osteochondritis of the hip joint, where growth/loss of bone mass leads to some degree of collapse of the hip joint and to deformity of the ball of the femur and sometimes the surface of the hip socket. It is characterized by idiopathic avascular osteonecrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis of the femoral head leading to an interruption of the blood supply of the head of the femur close to the hip joint. The disease is typically found in young children, and it can lead to osteoarthritis in adults. The effects of the condition can sometimes continue into adulthood. |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION (doctor's ok needed) - a disease of the epiphyses, or bone-forming centers of the skeleton, beginning with necrosis and fragmentation of the tissue and followed by repair and regeneration. |
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Term
| Osteochondritis dissecans |
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION (doctor's ok needed) - osteochondritis resulting in the splitting of pieces of cartilage into the joint, particularly the knee joint or shoulder joint. The fragment of cartilage is called a joint mouse |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION - A benign cartilaginous neoplasm that consists of a pedicle of normal bone covered with a rim of proliferating cartilage cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION (doctor's ok needed) - Any of a group of disorders involving one or more centers of ossification of the bones in children and characterized by degeneration or aseptic necrosis followed by reossification. |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION - a benign, slow-growing tumor composed of well-differentiated, densely sclerotic, compact bone, occurring particularly in the skull and facial bones. |
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Term
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Definition
| CONTRAINDICATED - Osteomyelitis refers to a bone infection, almost always caused by a bacteria. Over time, the result can be destruction of the bone itself. |
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Term
| Osteonecrosis or ischemic necrosis |
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Definition
| LOCALLY CONTRAINDICATED - the destruction and death of bone tissue, such as from ischemia, infection, malignant neoplastic disease, or trauma |
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Term
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Definition
| CONTRAINDICATED - a malignant primary neoplasm of bone composed of a malignant connective tissue stroma with evidence of malignant osteoid, bone, or cartilage formation; it is subclassified as osteoblastic, chondroblastic, or fibroblastic |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED (lighter pressure) - Rickets is a childhood condition caused by serious vitamin D deficiency. This lacking in vitamin D results in weak, soft bones, along with slowed growth and skeletal development. Rickets is, by definition, a disorder which begins in childhood. If this problem occurs only later in life it is known as osteomalacia |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION (doctor's ok needed) - an abnormal skeletal condition characterized by a fixed kyphosis that develops at puberty and is caused by wedge-shaped deformities of one or several vertebrae. The cause of the disease is unknown, but authorities have speculated that it may result from infection, inflammatory processes, aseptic necrosis, disk deterioration, mechanical influences, inadequate circulation during rapid growth, or disturbances of epiphyseal growth caused by protrusion of the intervertebral disk through deficient or defective cartilaginous plates. |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED - LIGHTER PRESSURE - Scurvy is a condition caused by a lack of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in the diet. Signs of scurvy include tiredness, muscle weakness, joint and muscle aches, a rash on the legs, and bleeding gums. In the past, scurvy was common among sailors and other people deprived of fresh fruits and vegetables for long periods of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION - Incomplete or partial dislocation, as of a bone in a joint. |
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Term
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Definition
| CONTRAINDICATED (under secondary TB) - Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially fatal contagious disease that can affect almost any part of the body but is mainly an infection of the lungs. It is caused by a bacterial microorganism, the tubercle bacillus or Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although TB can be treated, cured, and can be prevented if persons at risk take certain drugs, scientists have never come close to wiping it out. Few diseases have caused so much distressing illness for centuries and claimed so many lives. |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION (unless malignant - then, CONTRAINDICATED) - 1. swelling, one of the cardinal signs of inflammation; morbid enlargement.2. neoplasm; a new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is uncontrolled and progressive |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION (for 72 hours) - Whiplash is a sudden, moderate-to-severe strain affecting the bones, discs, muscles, nerves, or tendons of the neck |
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Term
| Compound or open fractures |
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION - one in which a wound through the adjacent or overlying soft tissues communicates with the site of the break |
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Term
| Simple or closed fractures |
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION - one that does not produce an open wound in the skin |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION - one in which one side of a bone is broken, the other being bent |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION - one in which one fragment is firmly driven into the other |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION - one in which the bone is splintered or crushed |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION - one involving the entire cross section of the bone |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION - one which does not entirely destroy the continuity of the bone |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION - A compression fracture is a collapse of a vertebra. It may be due to trauma or due to a weakening of the vertebra. This weakening is seen in patients with osteoporosis or osteogenesis imperfecta, lytic lesions from metastatic or primary tumors,[1] or infection.[2] In healthy patients it is most often seen in individuals suffering extreme vertical shocks, such as ejecting from an ejection seat. Seen in lateral views in plain x-ray films, compression fractures of the spine characteristically appear as wedge deformities, with greater loss of height anteriorly than posteriorly and intact pedicles in the anteroposterior view |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION - depressed skull fracture fracture of the skull in which a fragment is depressed |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION - that caused by unusual or repeated stress on a bone |
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Term
| Stress induced muscle tension & headache |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION (for 72 hours after trauma) - To injure or impair by overuse or overexertion; wrench |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION - an injury in which the skin is not broken; bruise |
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Term
| Acquired Metabolic & toxic myopathies |
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Definition
| INDICATED (with doctor's approval) - muscle problems due to lack of specific enzymes in the body |
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Term
| Anterior compartment syndrome |
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Definition
| LOCALLY CONTRAINDICATED (unless cleared with doctor) - A compartment space is anatomically determined by an unyielding fascial (and osseous) enclosure of the muscles. The anterior compartment syndrome of the lower leg (often referred to simply as anterior compartment syndrome), can affect any and all four muscles of that compartment: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus tertius. This term is often mistakenly used to describe various related/proximal conditions, including Anterior Shin Splints. It is important to distinguish between the two, as shin splints rarely causes serious health problems, while Anterior Compartment Syndrome can lead to irreversible damage. |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED - Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a condition that causes extreme tiredness. People with CFS have debilitating fatigue that lasts for six months or longer. They also have many other symptoms. Some of these are pain in the joints and muscles, headache, and sore throat. CFS does not have a known cause, but appears to result from a combination of factors. |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED - abnormal shortening of muscle tissue, rendering the muscle highly resistant to passive stretching |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED - a painful spasmodic muscular contraction |
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Term
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) |
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Definition
| INDICATED - a genetic myopathic condition distinguished by the enlarged size of specific muscles (e.g., calves), noticeable indications of lordosis accompanied by a swelling of the abdominal region; diminished capacity to stand, walk, and maintain balance; a progressive deterioration of the muscles; and limited intellectual development |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED - flexion deformity of the fingers or toes, due to shortening, thickening, and fibrosis of the palmar or plantar fascia. |
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Term
| Fascioscapulohumeral dystrophy (limb/girdle dystrophy) |
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Definition
| CONTRAINDICATED - a genetic myopathic condition involving the facial muscles and distinguished by prominent scapula, weak muscles of the shoulders, and marked difficulty in lifting the arms and completely shutting the eyes |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED - Fibromyalgia is a neurosensory disorder characterized by widespread muscle pain, joint stiffness, and fatigue. The condition is chronic (ongoing), but pain comes and goes and moves about the body. The disorder is often misdiagnosed or unrecognized and is and often complicated by mood and anxiety disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED - quality of lack of tone of muscular or vascular organ or tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCALLY CONTRAINDICATED - Hernia is a general term used to describe a bulge or protrusion of an organ through the structure or muscle that usually contains it. There are many different types of hernias. The most familiar type are those that occur in the abdomen, in which part of the intestines protrude through the abdominal wall. This may occur in different areas and, depending on the location, the hernia is given a different name. A ventral hernia is also called an incisional hernia because it generally occurs as a bulge in the abdomen at the site of an old surgical scar. It is caused by thinning or stretching of the scar tissue, and occurs more frequently in people who are obese or pregnant. |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATED (if within 72 hours) - 1st degree – effected tendon is overstretched and damaged microscopically, but not actually torn 2nd degree – contain more damage and are partially torn – swelling and paindful movement. 3rd degree – complete rupture of involved structures with significant damage and joint instability. Snapping sound is heard at time of injury. Swelling is significant. |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED - Muscular dystrophy is the name for a group of inherited disorders in which strength and muscle bulk gradually decline. Nine types of muscular dystrophies are generally recognized. |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED - Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease that causes muscle weakness. Myasthenia gravis (MG) affects the neuromuscular junction, interrupting the communication between nerve and muscle, and thereby causing weakness. A person with MG may have difficulty moving their eyes, walking, speaking clearly, swallowing, and even breathing, depending on the severity and distribution of weakness. Increased weakness with exertion, and improvement with rest, is a characteristic feature of MG. |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCALLY CONTRAINDICATED - inflammation of a voluntary muscle. / myositis marked by bony deposits or by ossification of muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATED (if severe pain) - Inflammation of the fascia on the plantar surface of the foot, usually at the attachment to the heel, often making it painful to walk |
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Term
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Definition
| CONTRAINDICATED - an acute viral disease usually caused by a poliovirus and marked clinically by fever, sore throat, headache, vomiting, and often stiffness of the neck and back; these may be the only symptoms of the minor illness. In the major illness, which may or may not be preceded by the minor illness, there is central nervous system involvement, stiff neck, pleocytosis in spinal fluid, and perhaps paralysis; there may be subsequent atrophy of muscle groups, ending in contraction and permanent deformity |
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Term
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Definition
| CONTRAINDICATED - A condition occurring most often in individuals who contracted severe cases of polio before age 10 and characterized by fatigue, exhaustion, muscle weakness, painful joints, and occasionally difficult breathing |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRA INDICATION - Rotator cuff tears are tears of one or more of the four tendons of the rotator cuff muscles. A rotator cuff injury can include any type of irritation or damage to the rotator cuff muscles or tendons. Rotator cuff tears are among the most common conditions affecting the shoulder. The tendons of the rotator cuff, not the muscles, are most commonly torn. Of the four tendons, the supraspinatus is most frequently torn as it passes below the acromion; the tear usually occurs at its point of insertion onto the humeral head at the greater tubercule. |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATED (if severe pain) - In most cases, shin splints refer to the pain that results from overload on the tissues that connect muscles to the shin bone (tibia). They also may come from the small bone of the lower leg and ankle, called the fibula. The medical term for shin splints is medial tibial stress syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED - Increased mucle tone, or stiffness, which leads to uncontrolled, awkward movements |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATED (if trauma within 72 hours), otherwise ok - Tendinitis usually occurs in individuals in middle or old age because it is often the result of overuse over a long period of time. Tendinitis does occur in younger patients as a result of acute overuse |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATED (if area is inflamed) - painful swelling and inflammation of tendons, usually of the wrist, often the result of repetitive movements such as typing |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATED (if trauma within 72 hours), otherwise ok - A contracted state of the neck muscles that causes the neck to rotate and tilt sideways, forwards, or backwards. Also called wryneck |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION - fixation (as by a plaster cast) of a body part in order to promote proper healing |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED - Repetitive overuse syndrome (ROS) is usually defined as work-related symptoms caused by repetitive and excessive use of your body. It is a term commonly used with performing artists, such as dancers and musicians, because they use the same muscles repeatedly. ROS results from improper muscle balance around the joints. Some muscles work too much while others do not work enough. Muscle balance is a function of both muscle strength and length. If the muscles that control the alignment and movement are out of balance, movement strategies may be adversely affected. This leads to increased symptoms at the joints or surrounding soft tissues such as muscles and tendons. |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION - inflammation of the vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED - Forward displacement of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae over the vertebra below it or on the sacrum. |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED - Degeneration of the spinal column, especially a fusion and immobilization of the vertebral bones. |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED - a form of structural kyphosis, usually secondary to tuberculosis infection of the thoracic vertebral body, in which the vertebral column becomes sharply angulated at the site of the lesion |
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Term
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Definition
| Depends on client's comfort - Local CI, if not comfortable - inflammation of a joint |
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Term
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Definition
| CONTRAINDICATED (if feeling feverish or nauceous) - otherwise, INDICATED - Gout is a form of acute arthritis that causes severe pain and swelling in the joints. It most commonly affects the big toe, but may also affect the heel, ankle, hand, wrist, or elbow. It affects the spine often enough to be a factor in back pain. Gout usually comes on suddenly, goes away after 5-10 days, and can keep recurring. Gout is different from other forms of arthritis because it occurs when there are high levels of uric acid circulating in the blood, which can cause urate crystals to settle in the tissues of the joints. |
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Term
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Definition
| CONTRAINDICATION (until Doctor's OK) - Infectious arthritis, which is sometimes called septic arthritis or pyogenic arthritis, is a serious infection of the joints characterized by pain, fever, occasional chills, inflammation and swelling in one or more joints, and loss of function in the affected joints. It is considered a medical emergency. |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED (light pressure) - Osteoarthritis (OA), which is also known as osteoarthrosis or degenerative joint disease (DJD), is a progressive disorder of the joints caused by gradual loss of cartilage and resulting in the development of bony spurs and cysts at the margins of the joints. The name osteoarthritis comes from three Greek words meaning bone, joint, and inflammation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Indicated when RA is in remission - a chronic systemic disease primarily of the joints, usually polyarticular, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures and by atrophy and rarefaction of the bones. In late stages, deformity and ankylosis develop. |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION - (until inflammation is resolved) - adhesive inflammation between the joint capsule and the peripheral articular cartilage of the shoulder, with obliteration of the subdeltoid bursa, characterized by increasing pain, stiffness, and limitation of motion. |
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Term
Lateral Epicondylitis
(tennis elbow) |
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Definition
| INDICATED (if client is comfortable) - Tennis elbow pain originates from a partial tear of the tendon and the attached covering of the bone. It is caused by chronic stress on tissues attaching forearm muscles known as extensor muscles to the elbow area. Individuals experiencing tennis elbow may complain of pain and tenderness over either of the two epicondyles. This pain increases with gripping or rotation of the wrist and forearm. If the condition becomes longstanding and chronic, a decrease in grip strength can develop. |
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Term
Medial Epicondylitis
(golfer's elbow) |
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Definition
| INDICATED (if client is comfortable) - An inflammatory condition affecting the common origin of the flexor tendons of the forearm which results in pain and tenderness on the inside (ulnar side) of the elbow at the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Most commonly the result of overactivity of the wrist flexors, especially with increasing intensity or duration of activity or poor technique. |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCAL CONTRAINDICATION - Sudden stretching or repeated overuse injures the connection between the tendon and its bone or muscle. The injury is largely mechanical, but when it appears, the body tries to heal it by initiating inflammation. Inflammation increases the blood supply, bringing nutrients to the damaged tissues along with immunogenic agents to combat infection. The result is swelling, tenderness, pain, heat, and redness if the inflammation is close to the skin. |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCALLY CONTRAINDICATED (if in a flare- up) - inflammation of a tendon sheath caused by calcium deposits, repeated strain or trauma, high levels of blood cholesterol, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, or gonorrhea. In some instances, movement causes a crackling noise over the tendon. Most cases not associated with systemic disease respond to rest. Local injections of corticosteroids may provide relief; surgery is indicated if the condition persists |
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Term
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Definition
| LOCALLY CONTRAINDICATED - rupture of fibrocartilagenous material (annulus fibrosis) that surrounds the intervertebral disk. This rupture involves the release of the disk's center portion containing a gelatinous substance called the nucleus pulposus. Pressure from the vertebrae above and below may cause the nucleus pulposus to be forced outward, placing pressure on a spinal nerve and causing considerable pain and damage to the nerve. This condition most frequently occurs in the lumbar region and is also commonly called herniated nucleus pulposus, prolapsed disk, ruptured intervertebral disk, or slipped disk. |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED - (keep client's comfort in mind) - Deformity in which the legs are curved inward so that the knees are close together, nearly or actually knocking as a person walks with ankles widely apart of each other |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED (keep client's comfort in mind) - a deformity in which one or both legs are bent outward at the knee |
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Term
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Definition
| INDICATED (if client's comfort is OK) - Hallux malleus is a deformity of the great toe. This deformity can be very stiff or flexible. The joint in the great toe becomes contracted in a flexed or downward position. This deformity usually occurs due to an imbalance of the tendons that insert on the top and the bottom of the great toe. When the tendon on the bottom of the toe (the tendon that causes the toe to flex down) over powers the tendon that causes the toe to bend up, this deformity occurs. |
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