Term
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Definition
Steroids (glucocorticoids, corticosteroids)
Immunosuppressive
NSAIDS= non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
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Term
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Definition
Not mediated through lymphocytes or leukocytes
via through prostaglandins
*ALL ARE ANTIPYRETIC, ANALGESIC, AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY |
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Term
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Definition
MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
-local signalling "fine tune"
Main types: E and F |
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Term
| What's the main course of action for NSAIDS? |
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Definition
inhibit action of cyclooxygenase (COX)
= lower level of prostaglandings
NSAIDS = AKA COX inhibitors |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
GI: acid production up and mucus production down
Renal: reduced Renal fxn, renal damage long term at high dose |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of different conditions characterized by inflammatory damage to various joints of the body |
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Term
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Definition
RA- Rheumatoid Arthritis
SLE- Systemic Lupus erythematosus |
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Term
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Definition
affects more females...
- Associated with HLA-DR4
- chronic and systemic inflammation of the synovial membranes of multiple joints
- trigger remains unknown... could come on with an infectious agent
IGM = antibody directed against Fc fragment of IgG
- Elevated ESR and IgM and IgG
PANNUS FORMATION |
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Term
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Definition
HANDS (MP and PIP joints) AND KNEES MOST COMMON
**early morning stiffness lasting more than 1 hour**
swellness, rednes, pain is most common |
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Term
| What are some treatments for RA |
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Definition
Nsaids, PT, Glucocorticoids,
DMARDs = Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs
- gold salts, chloroquine |
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Term
| Whats the new treatment for RA |
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Definition
New strategy: Early intervention and Aggressive treatment
with DMARD's |
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Term
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
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Definition
auto-immune disease that causes arthritis
- Antibodies are initially directed against DNA/protein complexes
- higher among african americans
- 60% will have polyarthritis
- 70% will develop HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
- 30-50% HAVE RENAL DISEASE
MALAR RASH = BUTTERFLY RASH |
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Term
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Definition
*Use immunosuppressive drugs = glucocorticoids
- methotrexate, axothioprine |
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Term
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Definition
MOST common cause of Disability in the U.S.
- AGE, joint loading, obesity
- changes begin with articular cartilage (usually thickening)
KEY FEATURE: protein changes in cartilage linked to cytokines ESPECIALLY INTERLEUKINS** |
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Term
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Definition
brief less than 15 min of morning stiffness... RA has greater than 1 hour of morning stiffness
- main difference is that OA affects hips and spine |
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Term
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Definition
- NSAID's, COX-2 inhibitors
- intra-articular injections = joint injections
thermal heat
- stimulate cartilage repair
- surgical= joint replacement
OR reduce joint trauma
- reduce joint loading, change exercise, strengthen |
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Term
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Definition
Steroids= glucocortiocids
- cortisone shot
Hyaluronic acid |
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Term
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Definition
most common: hips, knees, shoulders, ankles
> 770,000 per year |
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Term
| Crystal Deposition arthritis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*Disorder of URIC ACID METABOLISM*
- nucleic acid and protein breakdown result in uric acid
- HYPERURICEMIA IN ALL WITH GOUT
- NOT ALL WITH HYPERURICEMIA WILL HAVE GOUT
Increase alcohol and protein consumption |
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Term
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Definition
nodular deposit of urate monohydrate crystals
- joint inflammation = produces forein body-type reaction
- Renal Involvement= urate crystals deposit in glomeruli |
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Term
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Definition
Reduce Uric Acid production
- diet management
- stop chemotherapy
Reduce inflammation
Enhance urinary excretion of uric acid |
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Term
| Whats sure fire way to treat gout specifically |
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Definition
COLCHICINE= anti-inflammatory effect
- reduces pain
only works on gout |
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Term
| Infections/Septic Arthritis |
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Definition
bacterial infection of a joint
- in the blood or post-surgery: strep, staph, TB, gonnorrhea |
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Term
| Hematogenous Septic Arthritis |
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Definition
Systemic infection
- INTRAVENOUS DRUG ABUSERS
TREATMENT= antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
| Progressive, inherited, muscle weakness, and pain |
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Term
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Definition
*most common form of MD
X-linked Recessive
*MUTATION OF DYSTROPHIN GENE= via a deletion
-dystrophin gene maintains stiation of the muscle |
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Term
| Transmission of Duchanne MD |
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Definition
- usually maternal transmission
- new mutations though = deletion are 1/3 of cases |
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Term
| Symptoms of Duchenne's MD |
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Definition
- elevated levels of CK
- baby is fine until ages 3-5 = show regressive or abnormal development
wheelchair dependent by age 12
age 16-18 serious pulm. infections are possible
Muscle weakness is seen first in legs and pelvis then shoulders, neck, and arms and eventually resp. muscles |
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Term
Treatment for MD
future hope |
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Definition
Glucocorticoids= slow progression
gene therapy or drug therapy to replace dystrophin |
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Term
Bone Cancer
Primary
Secondary |
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Definition
Primary: multiple myeloma
Osteosarcoma, chondrosacroma, Ewing Sarcoma
Secondary: metastatic: lung, breast and prostate |
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Term
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Definition
Malignancy arising in the bone marrow
*DERIVED FROM SINGLE PLASMA CELL*
*BONE PAIN AND FATIGUE TYPICALLY IN BACK/RIBS*
GRADUAL BONE MARROW MAILURE
PUNCHED OUT BONE LESIONS
death can be caused by kidney failure |
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Term
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Definition
| Used for multiple myeloma= provide hematogenous stem cells intravenously |
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Term
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Definition
2nd most common primary bone cancer but overall really rare
CANCER OF THE YOUNG
osteoblastic, fibroblastic, chondroblastic
*USUALLY BEGINS IN LONG BONE: femur, humerus, tibia
super aggressive but is sensitive to treatment |
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Term
| What is special for diagnosis of osteosarcoma |
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Definition
| X-ray shows a SUNBURST LESION or CODMAN TRIANGLE |
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Term
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Definition
common bone disorder
- one or more bony lesion with high bone turnover and disorganized osteoid formation
common sites: skull, femur, tibia, pelvis, humerus |
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Term
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Definition
Fracture= vertebral compression fx
DEAFNESS FROM TEMPORAL BONE LESION |
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Term
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Definition
improve new bone formation
- aids in OI
blocks bone resorption* which increases bone mass*
reduces plasma calcium levels |
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Term
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Definition
Insufficeint collagen or abnormal production of collagen that is a genetic disorder
Type 1= most mildest/common
Type 2- lethal within first year of life
Types 1-4 = autosomal dominant
Types 5-8 = autosomal recessive |
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Term
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Definition
gene mutation
bones fx easily
*Blue sclera*
loose joints/poor muscle tone
hearing loss |
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Term
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Definition
Demineralization of bone due to loss of Ca++
osteoclastic dominates osteoblastic
SUSCPETIBILITY TO FX and loss of bone strength
Involutional is the most common cause*
most common bone disorder in the U.S. and most common in women |
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Term
| Treatments for Osteoporosis |
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Definition
Glucocorticoids = prenisone injections
Heparin= anticoagulation
Estrogen
Calcium supplementation
selective estrogen
Biphospnates |
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Term
| Clinical Features of osteoporosis |
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Definition
Fx of wrist, hip, and vertebral is most common
loss of height
chronic BP |
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Term
| How do you measure bone density? |
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Definition
| DEXA: dual energy X-Ray absorption |
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Term
| What are estrogen effects on osteoporosis |
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Definition
binds to estrogen receptors in bone and reduces osteoclastic activity
- replacement = increase bone mass and reduce fx rates |
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Term
| Risk of Estrogen Treatment |
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Definition
increased risk of BC
increased risk of Cardiovascular disease
increased risk of thromboembolism
increased risk of uterine cancer |
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