Term
| excessive growth hormone after the growth plates have closed; due to GH secreting pituitary adenoma, |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with large spatulate hands, lantern-shaped jaws, overhanging brows, increased hat size, headaches and visual problems; |
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Definition
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Term
| enlarged sella turcica on lateral skull x-ray, arrow-head appearance of the terminal phalanges and thickened heel pad >23 mm on lateral x-ray of the foot. |
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Definition
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Term
| Chronic inflammatory condition involving the sacroiliac joints and the axial skeleton marked by bone formation at ligament and tendon attachments, 90% are HLA B27 positive, |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with low backache > 3 months duration, better with exercise not with rest, limitation of lumbar spine movement in sagittal and coronal planes, bilateral sacroiliac tenderness and decreased chest expansion with inspiration, |
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Definition
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Term
| x-rays may show blurring of the SI joints, shiny corners, marginal syndesmophytes, dagger sign and bamboo spine; ESR and alkaline phosphatase may be elevated in the active phase. |
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Definition
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Term
| hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with peroneal muscle atrophy; |
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Definition
| Charcot Marie Tooth disease: |
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Term
| may present with wasted peroneal muscles, high arch and claw toes along with loss of touch in the feet and legs along with the hands and arms. |
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Definition
| Charcot Marie Tooth disease: |
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Term
| autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting muscle and the skin; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with fatigue, heliotrope discoloration of the eyelids, muscle fatigue affecting proximally muscles groups initially; |
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Definition
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Term
| CK-MM and LDH will be elevated, ANA is positive. |
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Definition
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Term
| X-linked chromosomal abnormality with deficient dystrophin; |
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Definition
| Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy: |
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Term
| presents with proximal muscle weakness, pseudohypertrophic calf muscles, +Gower’s sign, |
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Definition
| Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy: |
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Term
| muscle biopsy is diagnostic. |
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Definition
| Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy: |
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Term
| inherited connective tissue with defective collagen; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with hypermobile joints, skin that easily stretches and is easily damaged, kyphoscoliosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| metabolic condition characterized by deposition of uric acid crystals in joints; |
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Definition
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Term
| may present with sudden onset of severe joint pain and swelling in the big toe, tophi may be found in the skin or ear in chronic cases; |
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Definition
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Term
| x-ray may show soft tissue swelling and then bony erosions with overhanging edges; finding negative birefringent needle crystals on examination of aspirated synovial fluid with polarized light is diagnostic. |
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Definition
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Term
| infection of skin, nerves, muscles and joints caused by Borrelia burgdorferi transmitted by the deer tick Ixodes scapularis; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with a flu-like illness with a bull’s eye rash [erythema migrans] in Stage 1; Bell’s palsy and peripheral neuropathy in Stage 2 and chronic arthritis and muscle pains in Stage 3; |
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Definition
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Term
| Lyme-ELISA is confirmatory. |
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Definition
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Term
| hereditary condition resulting in defective fibrillin production; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with tall, thin body habitus, hypermobile joints, lens dislocation, aortic incompetence, mitral valve prolapsed, dissecting thoracic aorta |
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Definition
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Term
| progressive degeneration of articular cartilage, presents with pain in the weight-bearing joints: knee, hip and spine, morning stiffness lasting less than 1 hour, pain worsens with use and towards the end of the day; |
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Definition
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Term
| x-ray will show narrowing of the joint space, subchondral sclerosis, marginal osteophytes and subchondral cysts. |
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Definition
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Term
| bacterial infection of bones; commonly associated with IV drug use and Staph aureus; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with fever, nearby joint is swollen, affected area is swollen, warm and red; CBC will show leukocytosis with elevated neutrophils; |
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Definition
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Term
| x-ray will show soft tissue swelling initially with Brodie’s abscess, involucrum and sequestrated bone later. |
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Definition
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Term
| chronic scaly skin disorder with genetic predisposition aggravated by stress and physical trauma; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with plaques of silvery scales over the extensor aspects of the elbows, knees and sacrum, may also present with pains in the small joints; |
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Definition
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Term
| x-ray of affected hands cup and pencil deformities and sausage fingers, biopsy is diagnostic. |
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Definition
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Term
| autoimmune disease triggers by recent Strep. pyogenes infection affecting the heart, skin and joints; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with eyethema marginatum, heart murmurs, migratory joint pains, subcutaneous nodules and Sydenham’s chorea; |
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Definition
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Term
| ASOT will be elevated, PR interval is prolonged and the ESR will be raised. |
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Definition
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Term
| chronic autoimmune disorder of joints seen more commonly in middle-aged females; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with bilateral PIP, MCP and wrist pain with morning stiffness lasting more than 1 hour; Rheumatoid Factor is raised in 70% of patients, ESR is raised along with Anti-CCP, |
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Definition
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Term
| x-rays may show symmetrical bilateral intra-articular erosions, periarticular osteoporosis with ulnar deviation of the MCP joints. |
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Definition
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Term
| chronic systemic granulomatous disease of skin and reticulo-endothelial tissue seen more commonly in black females; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with erythema nodosum, night sweats, fatigue and insidious shortness of breath with peripheral neuropathy and splenomegaly; leucopenia and hypercalcemia is present, |
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Definition
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Term
| x-ray of the chest will show bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy or diffuse reticular infiltrate of the lungs, biopsy will show the typical non-caseous granulomas. |
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Definition
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Term
| chronic autonomic connective tissue disorder characterized by fibrosis, more common in females; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with thickened shin skin over the fingers, sensitivity to cold, joint pains with tendon crepitus, shortness of breath, fatigue and dysphagia; associated with CREST [calcinosis cutis, Reynaud’s phenomenon, Esophageal hypomotility, Sclerodactyly and Telangiectasia] syndrome. |
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Definition
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Term
| lateral curvature of the spine greater than 100; may be congenital [hemivertebra] or acquired [spinal tumors or poliomyelitis] or idiopathic [most common-80%]; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with lateral curvature of the thoracolumbar spine; |
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Definition
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Term
| x-ray of the spine will confirm the curvature, use Cobb’s method to determine the course of treatment and for future references to document any changes following treatment. |
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Definition
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Term
| acute non-gonococcal infection of one joint caused by bacterial infection often seen in IV drug use; Staph. aureus is most common; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with fever and severe acute joint pain with swelling and marked decrease in ROM; |
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Definition
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Term
| leukocytosis and high neutrophils are present, diagnosis is confirmed by joint aspiration with the fluid showing numerous white blood cells and bacteria. |
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Definition
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Term
| multisystem chronic autoimmune disease affecting connective tissue, seen more commonly in young female adults; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with multiple joint pains, butterfly rash and fatigue; |
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Definition
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Term
| CBC may show a normocytic normochromic anemia with a leucopenia, ANA and anti-ds DNA antibodies will be present. |
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Definition
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Term
| infection of the spine caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; presents with fatigue, gibbus or a psoas abscess; x-ray will show the destruction of the anterior part of the vertebral body and may show typical lesions in the apex of the lungs. |
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Definition
| Tuberculosis of the spine: |
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Term
| presents with low back pain; x-ray is necessary to confirm the diagnosis and to determine the degree of slippage using the Meyerding grading method. |
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Definition
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Term
| may be congenital or acquired, may be related to stress fractures or degeneration in females over the age of 40 years and is more common in the 4th lumbar vertebra; |
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Definition
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